【作者】 李翠勤；

【导师】 罗洪君； 王俊；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 化学工艺， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 树枝状大分子(Dendrimer)是一类新型的功能大分子化合物，它的特点是可以在分子水平上进行分子的大小、形状、功能基团的设计。根据树枝状大分子结构本身的特点，系统地开展分子结构与性能方面的研究。开发具有新型末端基的功能大分子是一个重要的研究方向。树枝状大分子的表面末端基都可以进行功能基转化，目前已报道的功能基有胺基、羟基、羧基、酯基、酰胺基、金属螯合物等；由于树枝状大分子的中心以及内部存在活性点，在药物输送、催化反应、基因治疗、金属纳米复合材料及膜材料等方面都显示了良好的应用前景。 本论文在对树枝状大分子的结构和性能进行了简要的介绍，并系统地回顾了树枝状大分子在合成和功能化方面的最新研究进展的基础上，提出了一种新的树枝状大分子末端基转化的方法，通过分子设计将具有功能性的基团经过迈克尔加成反应及酰胺化缩合反应接枝到树枝状大分子上，合成了一系列聚酰胺—胺树枝状大分子，设计并首次成功地合成了以乙二胺为核心的一类新型的树枝状丙烯酸酯。通过元素分析、红外光谱以及核磁共振实验对新型的树枝状大分子的结构进行了表征，证明了合成树枝状大分子的结构与设计目标分子的结构相符。 本论文根据树枝状大分子的结构特点，对首次合成的树枝状大分子的性能作了初步探索。通过滴体积法对半代的聚酰胺—胺和0.5代树枝状十二酯在丙酮中的表面活性进行了研究，重点讨论了半代聚酰胺—胺和0.5代树枝状长链酯在70℃时对稠油的降粘效果，发现这两类大分子在丙酮中都不具有表面活性，半代聚酰胺—胺和0.5代树枝状长链酯对稠油都具有降粘性能，在浓度为0.6％时降粘性能最佳，0.5代、1.5代和2.5代PAMAM的降粘率分别为24.5％、26.0％和28.2％，0.5代辛酯、十二酯和十八酯的降粘率分别为26.2％、28.3％和32.4％。此外，还对1.5代树枝状丙烯酸长链酯对稠油的降粘性能作了初步探讨，在浓度为0.6％时降粘性能最佳，降粘率为30.6％。根据树枝状大分子对稠油降粘性能的评价，探讨了稠油的降粘机理与降粘剂分子结构的关系，为设计和合成具有新型结构的单一原油降粘剂奠定基础。本论文的创新之处是首次将树枝状大分子应用于降粘领域，拓宽了新型树枝状大分子的应用领域。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dendrimer is a new-type function macromolecule chemical compound whose specialties are to design the molecular size.shape and functional group at the molecular level. According to its own specialties, studying systematacially the molecular structure and performance, developing the function macromolecule with new-type terminal group is an important research direction. The surface terminal group can carry on function transform. There are amido, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester base, acylamino group , metal chelate compound etc that have already been reported at present. Because there are active sites among the center and inside of dendrimers.,Those make this kind of macromolecule have well enough application prospects in drug deliver, catalyst carrier, gene therapy, metal millimicron composite and membrane material etc.The thesis has introduced briefly the structure and performance of dendrimers, and has reviewed the newest progress in synthesizing and functional of dendrmers systematically. A new method of terminal group transforms of dendrimers was put forward. The method is that functional groups were grafted into dendrimers with Michael addition reaction and amidation condensation reaction by molecule design. Firstly a new-type dendritic twelve esters with ethylenediamine as core has been synthesized successfully. The molecular structures of the product have been characterized by means of element analysis, infrared spectrum(IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The validity of the molecular structure of dendrimer was proved tomatch with the designing target molecularThis thesis has explored tentatively the performance of dendrimers synthesized firstly, by the structure characteristics of dendrimers. The surface tensions of 0.5Gpoly(amidoamine)(PAMAM) and 0.5G dendritic twelve esters in the acetone were measured by drop-volume method. The viscosity-reducing result of half generation PAMAM and 0.5G dendritic longchain esters on oil was discussed emphatically. That these two kinds of dendrimers do not have surface activation basically in the acetone was found. Half generation PAMAM and 0. 5 generation dendritic longchain esters have viscidity of dropping to the thick oil, At the concentration of 0.6%, the viscosity-reducing result is best. The viscosity-reducing rates of 0.5 G PAMAM, 1.5G PAMAM and 2.5G PAMAM are respectively 25.4%, 26.0% and 28.2%. The rates of 0.5G dendritic eight esters, twelve esters and eighteen esters are 24 respectively 26.2%, 28.3% and 32.4%. In addition, the viscosity-reducing result of 1.5G dendritic twelve esters on oil was dicussed. The rate is 30.6% at the concentration of 0.6%.The relation of the thick-oil viscosity-reducing mechanism and the structure of viscosity reducer was explored. Those were the base of designing and synthesizing a new-type and single oil-viscosity reducer. The innovation of this thesis that dendrimers were applied to the viscosity-reducing fields firstly, and widened the applying fields of the new-type dendrimers.更多还原