【作者】 周瑾；

【导师】 陈鸣； 金伟良；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 结构工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 混凝土小型空心砌块是一种绿色的墙体材料，具有节土、节能、增加建筑面积等一系列的优点，已成为世界上受重视的一种建筑结构体系。目前国家建设部已大力推广和发展砌块建筑，如杭州等地已明确规定严禁在市区内使用普通粘土砖。但混凝土小型空心砌块建筑的墙体裂缝问题严重制约了它的发展。因此，对小砌块建筑的裂缝问题进行深入研究是十分必要的，具有很强的理论和实际意义。小砌块建筑的裂缝型式是多样的，本文侧重于小砌块建筑墙体收缩性能的试验研究、理论分析以及相关的机理研究等。 本文首先通过大量的文献资料，结合浙江大学结构工程研究所前期所承担的小砌块建筑温度裂缝控制技术研究的科研成果，分类总结了收缩裂缝的型式、机理，并从材料、施工、设计构造以及使用四个方面总结了国内外砌块建筑的抗裂防范措施。 本文主要对单片砌块墙体进行了收缩性能试验，该试验主要特征是保持环境相对湿度的大致恒定，在尽可能摒除其他因素的影响下仅考虑环境相对湿度对砌块墙体收缩变形的影响效应，这有别于以往进行的墙体收缩试验。通过在一个自行设计的保湿空间内，对相同尺寸、不同构造措施的砌体墙进行收缩变形值测定，从而确定墙体的干缩率；并对比不同构造措施的砌块墙体干缩率，说明面层材料对减少墙体收缩变形是有效的；根据试验数据回归出适合于砌块墙体的收缩公式，并引入环境相对湿度影响系数k；为今后的研究和设计提供参考。 本文结合大量的文献资料，分类总结了国内外收缩应力的计算方法。 对单片砌体墙的墙体变形值进行了有限元数值分析，并和试验数据进行了比较，有限元分析的精度良好，理论结果和试验结果基本吻合，说明试验所得的结论对工程设计具有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Concrete Small Hollow Block (CSHB) is an environment-protected building material with lots of advantages such as saving of energy, no consuming of clay soil, and increasing area. It will become a structural system in future. Recently, the application and development of Concrete Small Hollow Block Building (CSHBB) has been emphasized by National Ministry of Construction. However, the problem of cracks in CSHBB had badly restricted its development. For this reason, it is necessary to further study the problem of cracks in CSHBB. Although the styles of cracks are multiple, the experimental study and analysis on shrinkage of Concrete Small Hollow Block Wall (CSHBW) are focused in this paper.On the base of the field investigation and the tests achieved by Institute of Structural Engineering, Zhejiang University, the styles of shrinkage cracks in the CSHBB are summarized. At the same time, the primary control methods are classified by the three aspects such as material, structural design, construction and use.Shrinkage experiment in CSHBW has been carried out. The primary characteristics of experimental study which is different from the former study is that the relative humidity (RH) is kept invariableness. A room to ensure invariable relative humidity is built by ourselves, and shrinkage deformation has been gained in CSHBW with the same dimension and different construction. Based on experimental data, the shrinkage ratios of CSHBW are gained. Compared with the shrinkage ratios of different construction in CSHBW, it can be concluded that using duration surfacing material is an effective method to decrease the deformation of CSHBW. Moreover, the shrinkage function which reflects the effect of RH to CSHBW is gained.Also, the methods of calculating shrinkage stress have been summarized.Deformation of masonry block walls is analyzed by Finite Element Method (FEM). The results fit well with those from experiment. So it is available to the project application.更多还原