基于EPG的汉语普通话辅音的发音研究

【作者】 李俭；

【导师】 邵永真； 鲍怀翘；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 语音的发音及其协同发音变化是言语产生研究中的重要课题，也是一个重要挑战。辅音的发音及其变化尤其复杂，涉及多个发音器官相互协调的快速动作。传统语音学依据辅音的发音部位和发音方法对普通话辅音进行了细致的描述，为我们认识辅音奠定了基础。但这些认识主要是依靠人们对语音的主观感知，对发音过程的描述也不尽精确。现代语音学提供的先进的声学和生理研究手段为我们细致而精确的研究辅音的发音过程提供了方便。本文试图利用动态腭位(EPG)观察汉语普通话辅音的发音部位，并考察其在不同元音语境下的协同发音变化。实验证明，传统语音学中依据人们的直观感受对辅音发音部位的描述是基本正确的，但和EPG数据显示的辅音发音部位的前后相比，在少数几个辅音的前后顺序上有一些差异；同时，辅音的发音姿态并不是一成不变的，在VCV序列中，辅音和元音之间存在相互影响，发音姿态在时域上叠加。根据试验，音段之间的影响总是后音段对前音段的影响比较大；发音姿态的叠加取决于两个姿态在空间上的叠加程度以及发音姿态的混合强度：如果两个姿态涉及不同发音器官的动作，说明两者在空间上的重叠程度低，发音时可以在时域上叠加；反之，如果两个姿态涉及同一个发音器官在不同方向上的动作，则说明两者在空间上高度重叠，在时域上的叠加程度小。另一方面，混和强度大的姿态不易受其它姿态的影响，相反会对其它姿态产生较大影响，反之亦然。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on the articulatory features of speech sounds and their variation is an important but also challenging project in the study of speech production. The articulatory processes of consonants are especially complicated, which involve the rapid and coordinated movements of various articulators. The present paper attempts to examine tentatively the articulatory processes of consonants in Standard Chinese by using EPG The major purposes are 1) to test the descriptions in traditional phonetic study about the place of articulation of consonants, and 2) to observe the way consonant articulation co-varies with adjacent vowels.In the traditional phonetic study of Standard Chinese, researchers describe the consonants in terms of the place and manner of articulation, mainly depending on their subjective perception of speech sounds. Traditional phonetic study laid the foundation for our knowledge about consonants, but the descriptions about the articulatory processes may not be precise. Modern instruments of experimental phonetics allow experimental study of the acoustic and physiological properties of speech sounds. The physiological instruments like EPG (electropalatography) and EMA (electromagnetic articulography) make it possible to take an insight into the dynamic processes of speech articulation.Since the 1930s, experimental study of phonetics has begun to flourish in Standard Chinese. Researchers examined the quality, intensity, pitch and duration of the consonants by means of acoustic approaches. As far as physiological studies are concerned, the voiced and aspirated features attracted the most attention in the early studies. When x-ray and palatography were applied to phonetic studies, researchers were able to take the images of the tongue configuration and the location and degree of tongue-palate contact in the articulation of sound segments. (For a review of the acoustic and articulatory studies of consonants in Standard Chinese, see Wu Zongji ( ), 1989)Useful as they were, x-ray and palatography allowed only static examination of the articulation of sound segments in Standard Chinese. But consonant articulation, as we know, involves a rapidly moving progress of various articulators. No static approach can fully reveal its properties. As the development of modern science and technology, we now have more instruments, like EMA and EPG to record the dynamic progresses of consonant articulation.Segments are produced in a continuum in natural speech, rather than orderly sequenced in distinct sounds as listeners perceive them. During speech the movements of different articulators for the production of successive phonetic segments overlap in time and interact with one another. As a consequence, the vocal tract configuration at any point in time is influenced by more than one segment. This is what the term "coarticulation" describes. In connected speech, the articulatory movements required for one gesture are often anticipated during the production of a preceding gesture (i.e., anticipatory coarticulation); likewise, the articulatory requirements of one gesture are often carried over during the production of the following gesture (i.e., carryover coarticulation). Traditional phonetic studies in Standard Chinese have noticed the variation in segmental articulation. For example, the /d/* in /wo#de/ ( )tend to be voiced; the /n/ in /mian#bao/ ( ) tend to be assimilated by /m/; etc. Experimental studies of segmental variation in Standard Chinese also appear in recent years ( , 1989; 2003; etc.). But systematic studies in this aspect are still to be carried out.Studies on the coarticulation of speech sounds in foreign languages are abundant, but there is no agreement in the theoretical account of coarticulation. Early studies attribute coarticulation to a purely physiological process due to mechanical inertia. Lindblom (1963) tried to explain vowel reduction by means of "principle of economy"."Feature-spreading" and "coproduction" are two main perspectives proposed in the’ The slashes are use更多还原