全自动自清洗过滤器过滤机理分析及控制系统研究

【作者】 文棋；

【导师】 郑传祥；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着水资源的匮乏和水污染的日益严重，废水的过滤与分离能很好的解决废水的处理与重复利用的问题，实现良好的经济效益和社会效益。但传统的过滤分离设备占地空间大，连续生产能力低，自动化程度不高，造成人力物力财力的巨大浪费。本文以自行开发的120m~3／h处理量全自动自清洗过滤器为基础，提出了全自动自清洗过滤器的各操作参数的设计思想和方法，并建立了过滤过程中过滤器的压降模型，借此确定控制系统的控制参数。其主要工作内容如下： 研制设计了一台处理量为120m~3／h、工作压力为0.6Mpa的全自动自清洗过滤器，并与杭州化工机械厂合作生产样机一台。在设计过程中，提出了过滤器的过滤元件、水力、筒体等关键部件设计方法。 以过滤的经典公式—达西定律作为计算基础，分别建立了全自动自清洗过滤器运行中在过滤介质和过滤所形成的滤饼处的压降模型，并对计算模型中的两个关键影响因素透过度K和孔隙度ε的产生机理进行了分析，总结了通用的计算方法，并适用于系列全自动自清洗过滤器之中。 在分析了过滤器自动控制任务、控制流程、控制方式、控制功能之后，根据对过滤压降模型的计算，选用适合的PLC控制手机，完成对过滤器启动、运行、自清洗、停机的控制系统设计，作出控制梯形图，编写控制语言。 本论文的主要创新点为：全自动自清洗过滤器区别于以往其他过滤设备在于它完全靠过滤的料液压力提供自清洗动力，在运行过程中无须停运以清洗过滤元件，整机体积较小，精度可调节，适合于各类工业生产。本文给出了这种过滤器的整体设计方法以及设计图纸，并对过滤器内部过滤机理进行分析，讨论了几个过滤参数，建立过滤器压降模型，并应用于过滤器控制系统设计之中。更多还原

【Abstract】 As short of water resource and more and more serious situation of water pollution, filtration and separation have been the best way to settle the problem of reuse of waste water and realization of well economy benefit and social benefit. But there are several disadvantages in these traditional filters such as great volume discontinuous production lack of automation, great waste of manpower material resources , financial. Based on design of automatic self-cleaning filter on industrial scale (120 m3/h), the design and optimization procedures of several operation parameters are presented and pressure declined model of filter is obtained as well, then to calculate control parameters of control system. The main research contents are following as:A filter on industrial scale (120 m3/h) and work pressure (0.6Mpa) has been designed and manufactured with the cooperation with Hangzhou Chemical Mechanical Factory. During the process of design, the procedures about some key assemblies such as filtrating component power of water canister have been shown.Base on classical formula about filtration -Darcy, model of pressure declined produced by filtrating medium and solid particle during filtration is obtained. And mechanism of two key factors-permeate degree K and hole degree s is also analyzed. And they are all applied for series of auto control self-cleaning filter.After analysis of control assignment control flow control mode control function and based on the calculation of pressure declined model, host computer -appropriate PLC has been selected. And then control system of filter startup run self-cleaning stop control echelon chart and program are all given.The innovations of this paper can be concluded as following: knowing from other filtrate equipments ago, auto control self-cleaning filter drive itself to clean completely by its pressure of filtrated liquid and without stop. Volume of the filter is so little and precision can be modulated to fit for kinds of industry produce. In this paper, a suit of drawing and design procedures of such filter has been given. Mechanism during filtration in the filter has been studied and pressure declined models of filter are obtained.更多还原