【作者】 刘登国；

【导师】 林卫青；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先提出研究上海陈行水库自净规律的必要性和意义，总结了国内外湖泊、水库中污染物迁移转化研究进展；尤其，氮、磷、大肠杆菌的迁移转化及其水质模型研究；在此基础上结合陈行水库实际水质现状，提出本论文的研究方法：实验室水质参数研究、现场主要水质参数研究和水环境数学模型研究相结合研究陈行水库污染物自净规律。 主要研究成果和结论有： 1．在实验室研究了碳化BOD降解系数变化范围0.2～1.2d^-1；硝化BOD降解系数变化范围0.17～1.8d^-1。 2．底泥释放实验表明：底泥氨氮释放通量范围：4～18mg／m²-d；底泥总氮释放通量范围：20～50mg／m²-d，底泥总磷释放通量范围：3～10mg／m²-d。陈行水厍氨氮释放通量相当于太湖（五里湖）释放通量3％～11％。 3．6月份陈行水库水质总体较好，但总氮、总磷超标；水库水质评价结果表明，水库对SS去除率在60～80％；总大肠杆菌去除率也很明显，去除率在80％以上；总磷去除率在30％～70％，总氮去除率在40.8％。 4．应用WIN／DYNHYD+，建立了陈行水库的水动力模型；影响陈行水库流场主要因素为风向、风速和水库进出流量的变化；水位随流量变化而变化，陈行水库部分地方有回流生成，流速很小，其范围在0～0.07m／s。 5．应用完全混合模型研究陈行水库氨氮降解规律，结果表明：随着陈行水库库容增加，水库的水力停留时间相应变长，氨氮去除率也加大。 6．应用WASP6水质模型，建立了陈行水库的水质模型，率定和验证了水质参数：水质模型研究结果表明：影响陈行水库水体中污染物去除的主要因素是水温、库容和停留时间。水体温度高（大约25℃以下）、库容大、水力停留时间长，则水库自净能力也强。此外，泥沙沉降可以提高陈行水库自净能力。 7．根据水体富营养化评价标准，陈行水库TN和COD_Cr浓度较高，但由于水库水力停留时间较短、光照不够充分等，水体没有发生因个别指标超标而导致的藻类大量繁殖污染水体的现象。 根据以上研究结果，提出陈行水库优化运行管理建议：避污运行、水量调控和封任l一停留时间（7一10天）以及实施进水预处理等措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper mainly focused on the self-purification mechanism in Chenhang Reservoir of Shanghai and firstly discussed its significance. The transformation of pollutants in lake and reservoir was widely reviewed, especially the transformation of nitrogen phosphorus coliform and the mathematic equation of the tranformation. Based on above discussion and combined with practical water quality in Chenhang Reservoir, method of the paper was pointed out, which includes study of water quality parameters in laboratory, study of water quality parameters in spot and study of water quality model.Seven major aspects of the research are presented as follows.1. Lab work shows that the CBOD depletion coefficient varies from 0.2 to 1.2d-1 and the NBOD depletion coefficient varies from 0.17 to l.8d-1.2. The study on release experiment of sediment showed that the flux of NH4-N varies from 4 to 18 mg/m2-d, the flux of TN varies from 20 to 50 mg/m2-d, the flux of TP varies from 3 to 10 mg/m2-d. The flux of NH4-N in Chenhang Reservoir sediment is equivalent with 3%~11% that of in Taihu lake (Wuli lake).3. From the study of water quality parameters in situ measurement in June, the water quality of Chenhang Reservoir is good in June, but TN and TP are beyond standards. The simple self-purification mechanism of pollutants in Chenhang Reservoir is that the removal rate of SS varies from 60% to 80% on space; The removal rate of total coliform exceeds 80%; The removal rate of TP varies from 30% to 70%; The removal rate of TN is about 40.8%.4. Chenhang Reservoir hydrodynamic model was made using the WINDYNHYD+. Wind direction wind speed in-flow and out-flow had great influences upon flow field of Chenhang Reservoir. Water level changed with flow.Circumfluence occurs in some places of Chenhang Reservoir, the velocity of which was small, varying from 0 to 0.07 m/s.5. The water model of complete-mixing ammonia is established according to its characteristics. Furthermore, the concentration of ammonia of Chenhang reservoir is simiated with the established water-quality model. The larger volume of Chenhang reservoir, the deeper water, the longer THR, the higher removal rate of NH4-N.6. Chenhang Reservoir water quality model was made using the WASP6 modeling system, and the water quality parameters were calibrated and validated. Sell-purification mechanism was analysized using the Chenhang Reservoir water quality modeling system. In a rage of natural temperature(about 0-25), the higher the water temperature, the larger volume of Chenhang reservoir and the longer the HRT. the self-purification effect of Chenhang Reservoir was greater. Besides, the results showed that sedimentation can improve the self-purification capacity of Chenhang Reservoir.7. According to evaluation on water eutrophication and obversed data of Chenhang Reservoir, the concentration of TN and CODcr is up to concentration of eutrophication. Because of the very short HRT and not-enough light, eutrophication does not occur.Thus, some advices are presented as below: pollution minimization, flow control and the optimal residence time (7~10days), and pretreatment for sake of management of Chenhang Reservoir.更多还原