【作者】 张巍；

【导师】 俞建勇；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织材料和纺织品设计， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是世界上面积最广、资源最多、利用最早的竹业国家。竹子种类、竹林面积和蓄积量均居世界之冠。竹子具有生长快、产量高、用途广、效益好、周期短的独特优势。在科技进步和科技兴竹的推动下，我国的竹业已经得到迅速发展，成为林业发展中的朝阳产业，具有广阔的发展前景。 竹纤维是一种绿色天然的资源性纤维，其应用前景十分广阔。竹纤维的开发突破了传统的竹材应用领域，符合开发绿色纺织品的潮流，提高了纺织品的档次，增加了产品在国际市场上的竞争力。 本文在对竹子的化学成分分析和物理性能分析的基础上，首次对制取竹纤维的竹种进行了分析选择，对竹纤维的精细化加工工艺流程和工艺条件进行了研究，首次将二甲基二环氧乙烷(DMD)应用于漂白工艺，并对其工艺条件进行了研究，首次将机械牵伸机应用于竹纤维的制取，得出以下结论： (1) 通过对竹种的物理机械性能和化学成分的分析比较，得出鱼肚腩竹是较适合的竹种； (2) 竹纤维的精细化加工工艺的基本工艺路线为：试样准备——浸碱——碾压梳理——水洗——煮练——碾压梳理——酸洗——水洗——一漂——DMD处理——碱抽提——二漂——水洗——抖松——脱水——给油——脱水——抖松——烘干； (3) 对竹纤维的碱煮和漂白工艺的研究发现：碱液浓度、碱煮时间、双氧水浓度、双氧水处理温度对竹纤维的精细化加工影响很大；碱液浓度和时间的增加使试样的残胶率和木质素含量降低，但降低的速度逐渐变慢；双氧水浓度的增加，纤维的细度、强度、伸长率逐渐下降，白度逐渐上升，而柔软度则呈不规则变化；漂白温度提高，竹纤维的白度逐渐升高，细度、柔软度和伸长率逐渐下降，强度先上升后下降。 (4)由于双氧水不是有效的脱木素剂，因而我们采用了DMD预处理方法。试验发现进行DMD处理后，竹纤维的白度和脱木素率都得到了提高。我们采用现场制备DMD的方法，必须严格控制PH值在7.0一7.5的范围内;随着丙酮和过硫酸氢钾用量、温度的增加，DMD的氧化能力增加，脱木素率和漂白效果增加，但这种增加并不是线性的。 (5)生物脱胶作为一种新近发展的脱胶方法，对竹纤维的细度的减小有一定的贡献，而且它赋予纤维柔软、耐磨和耐弯曲的特点，是一种较先进的绿色脱胶方法，在竹纤维的制取过程中是一种较好的辅助脱胶手段。 (6)机械加工在竹纤维的制取过程中尤为重要，它是将胶质从纤维上脱除的关键步骤，同时采用机械牵伸机对纤维细度的改进有利，但是这种方法仍然需要进一步的改进。 通过本研究，作者发现纺织用竹纤维具有广阔的发展前景，为纺织面料的加工提供了一种优良的原料，经过进一步的研究开发有望成为新型的绿色环保纤维。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a most extensive area, most abundant resource, the earliest utilizing of bamboo country in the world. The type of bamboo, the area of bamboo forest and accumulation is in the first place in the world, the bamboo has special advantage of fast growth, high output, wide utilization, good benefit, short cycle of growing. With the impulse of progress of technology and encouraging the industry of bamboo, the industry of bamboo in china had made rapid progress and became the rising industry in the forest, it has wide foreground of the development.The bamboo fiber is one kind of green, natural resourceful fiber. Its applied foreground is very wide. The exploitation of the bamboo fiber will break through the scopes of utilization of bamboo, accord with the world’s textile current of exploiting green textile material, elevate the lever of the textile material, improve the competition force in the worldwide market.In this paper, on the basis of the chemical component and physical capability analysis. Analysized and selected the appropriate bamboo type, studied the flow and conditions of the technics in the production, applied dimethyldioirane to the technics of bleaching and the technical conditions is studied, applied the mechanical extended machine to the manufacturing of bamboo fiber. The conclusion were drawn as follows:1. Through the analysis and compare of the physical properties and chemical properties of kinds of the bamboo, Yudunan bamboo is a comfortable type;2. kefineness of the bamboo may take such a process route: sample preparation-immersing alkali-grinding and carding-washing-streaming-grinding and carding - acid washing-washing-bleaching-DMD-streaming- bleaching- washing- loosing-dehydration- greasing- dehydration- loosing-airing;3. In the studies of streaming and bleaching technics of bamboo, we found that the density and time of alkali treating, the density and temperature of oxygen treating can influence the experiment result obviously. The density and the time of alkali treating decrease the proportion of remnant pectin and the content of lignin, but the speed of the decreasing becomes slower gradually; with the increase of density ofH2O2, the fineness, tension and proportion of protraction decline gradually, the whiteness inclines gradually, the tenderness change anomaly; with the elevation of temperature of bleaching, the whiteness of bamboo fiber increase gradually, the fineness, tenderness and proportion of protraction decline gradually, the tension firstly ascends then descends.4. Because H2O2 is a invalid lignin removed reagent, we adopted a method of pretreatment by DMD. Through the experiment we found that the whiteness and the proporti6n of lignin removing of bamboo fiber had improved. After treatment of DMD, in the preparation of DMD on the spot, we must control 7.0~7.5 in PH strictly; with the dosage of acetone and Oxone, the increase of temperature , the ability of oxidation of DMD improve, the proportion of lignin removing and the effect of bleaching increase, however the increase is not linear.5. Biological degumming is a new developing way, it contribute to descending the fineness of bamboo fiber, and it endow fiber with tenderness , enduring grinding and enduring bending. So biological degumming is an advanced and green degummed method. In the process of producing bamboo fiber, it is a good assistant degummed instrument.6. Mechanical process is very important in the manufacturing of bamboo fiber, it is a key step to degumming from the fiber. Meanwhile the treatment of mechanical extending is favorable to decline the fineness of the fiber, however this method need farther bettering.Zhang wei (Textile material) Supervised by Professor Yu jianyong更多还原