【作者】 秦志红；

【导师】 曹家枞；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风与空调工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国能源的开发利用面临着经济增长和环境保护的双重巨大压力，合理有效的利用能源已成为我国可持续发展的关键。当前我国投入巨资建设的西气东输工程，就是应对这一压力的措施之一。小型多联产总能系统即楼宇冷热电联产(BCHP)系统能够实现对一次能源合理的梯级利用，正是合理利用天然气资源的最佳途径和最有效手段。但是，目前国内BCHP系统初投资和燃料价格都较高，在这种情况下对系统中的一个关键设备——余热锅炉进行参数优化，以使整个工程达到最佳的经济性显然非常必要，对BCHP在国内的顺利推广具有重要意义。 本文针对一投入运行的BCHP系统，根据其实际运行所测得的结果，建立了余热锅炉的热力学模型。由于目前尚没有专门用于冷热电三联供系统冷热电三种产品的成本分摊计算方法，在对现有用于热电联产的成本分摊方法进行热经济学分析的基础上，提出把作功能力法和热量法结合起来对冷热电三联供系统成本分摊，这种方法对三联供成本分摊来说较合理且方便。利用国内制造厂的实际经验数据和公式，建立了实用的余热锅炉造价估算模型。按照本文提出的成本分摊方法及余热锅炉造价估算模型，建立了BCHP系统的热经济学模型。 建立了以BCHP系统的冷量成本为目标函数，以余热锅炉排烟温度、蒸发器和省煤器中螺旋翅片管管排数、每排管数、管束横向节距和管束纵向节距为决策变量的余热锅炉优化模型。应用所建立的优化计算模型，对BCHP系统七个工况分别进行优化计算。在无论哪个工况下，余热锅炉参数优化后其(火用)效率、BCHP系统总(火用)效率都比较未优化时有所提高，冷量分摊的成本、冷热两种产品所分摊的成本都比较未优化时有所减少。本文所建立的模型与BCHP系统实际负荷分布图结合，就能得到余热锅炉结构参数最终的一组优化结果。 由本文变工况优化结果可推断出一个重要结论：余热锅炉的最优结构与BCHP系统的负荷特性有关。本文还就BCHP系统负荷分布特性的影响作了分析，最后指出余热锅炉最终优化结果只是适用于一个特定的BCHP系统，并不具有通用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, The energy’s development and usage are facing the bigness pressure in the economy increase and the environmental protection, making use of the energy validly and reasonably has became the sustainable development’s crux in our country. The project which our country are consuming the enormous investment to construct transporting the natural gas from west to east is one of the measure to reply this pressures. The Building Cooling Heating and Power Generation (BCHP) system can realize not only the most reasonable usage to the primary energy but also the best path and the most valid means to make use of the natural gas resources. But recently in our country the initial investment and the fuel costs of BCHP system are higher, so in this case it is necessary to optimize the important equipment-Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to make the whole system have the best thermal-economic, and it will have the important meaning to popularize the BCHP system smoothly in our country.According to the practical result for a running BCHP system, the thermal model of HRSG was established. Because there is not the special cost apportionment method for the products of the BCHP system, on the bases of analysis the cost apportionment methods for Combined Cycle, with the workability and calorific methods and using operating data of the system, the costs of unit amount of exergy of cool, heat and electric power were calculated by apportioning the overall cost of the system among the cool, heat and power. The cost apportionment method to the whole system was established. The cost-evaluation model of HRSG was also established, the data and empirical correlations used in cost model are all from domestic manufactures and hence are real and practical.For the optimization function of HRSG, the cool costs is considered as the objective function and the variables are the number of row, the number of tube per row, the horizontal distance and vertical distance between tubes of the Evaporator and the Economizer. Using the optimization model, the optimization results can be calculated respectively on the off-design performance of the system, discussions on the calculation results were carried out. A group of optimal parameters of HRSG can be received by combined the models in this paper and the chart of the BCHP system’s actual load.Based on the optimal results an important conclusion can be predicted out that the optimal structure of HRSG are related with the load characteristic of the BCHP system. Furthermore, the factors which affect the load characteristic of the BCHP system were analyzed, finally, it was pointed out that the optimal structure of HRSG just be applicable to a particular BCHP system and so it cannot be used generally.更多还原