【作者】 李建秀；

【导师】 俞镇慌；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织材料与纺织品设计， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文采用非织造方法即化学浸渍法和热粘合法，对纺织加工过程中的苎麻纤维和亚麻纤维的下脚料进行回收利用，并比较这两种不同方法加工的试样在性能与结构方面的异同。 在这两种方法中，纤网制备均采用气流成网。 在化学浸渍法中，粘合剂分别为淀粉浆和聚丙烯酸酯类，对两种相同浓度粘合剂的试样及其与玻璃纤维布复合产品的性能及结构进行对比研究，可得出：对于同一种粘合剂试样，纤维的强力不是影响化学浸渍法产品的主要因素，粘合剂的性质对产品的性能影响较大，苎麻纤维为原料的试样性能优于亚麻纤维为原料的试样性能；实验所采用的聚丙烯酸酯类粘合剂产品的性能优于淀粉粘合剂产品的性能，但用淀粉粘合剂的最大优点就是绿色环保；加玻璃纤维布后的复合产品，断裂强力显著增大，试样的透气性增加，保暖性降低；所有的试样抗紫外线性与透光性能都比较好，均可以满足农业用覆盖材料的要求。 在热粘合法中，主要对亚麻纤维与ES纤维的热轧法的工艺进行了探讨。本实验采用正交设计，利用方差分析法，对影响试样物理—机械性能指标的参数即ES纤维含量、加热温度、加热时间、压力对产品性能的影响进行了分析。经研究表明：ES纤维含量对产品的各项性能影响最大，ES纤维含量增大，样品的纵横向单位断裂强度增加显著。 本论文还有选择地对一些试样进行电镜分析，发现ES纤维含量越高，粘合点的数目越多，粘合面积越大，这些粘合点将各个方向杂乱的亚麻纤维连接起来形成粘结区；温度不同则ES纤维的熔融程度不同，即粘结效果不同，从而导致断裂强力不同，过低和过高的温度均不利于形成良好的粘合结构。如果温度太低，在没有达到ES纤维的熔点之前，ES纤维没有充分熔融，不能很好地连结亚麻纤维。当温度和时间不变时，压力小会导致粘合不良，产品强力很低。增加压力有助于ES纤维的流动和扩散，对于形成良好的粘合有重要作用。 对比用两种不同方法生产的试样，化学浸渍法试样的断裂强度要优于热粘合试样的断裂强度，透气性接近。ES纤维与亚麻纤维的粘合属于非极性粘合。与亚麻纤维和ES纤维的点状粘合相比，化学浸渍法试样中纤维与粘合剂的粘合属于片膜状粘合。 本论文所采用的两种方法对开发麻纤维下脚料非织造布是有价值的，部分试样经浙江萧山麻研究所植物试种实验，结果表明，植物长势良好，其它的应用还有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the waste fibers of ramie and flax produced during the textile processes have been used in nonwovens which are chemical-bond and thermal-bond. At the same time, the products’ mechanical properties and structures are discussed.Air-laying are used for the fibers web in the test.During the chemical-bond processes, two different adhesives, namely the starch and the polyacrylic ester, are used. Their products with the same density and the same adhesive and the products contained the glass fabrics are analyzed. The products with the same adhesive have the similar tenacity, which shows that the fibers’ strength is not the main reason to the products’ tenacity. The adhesive has the effects on the products’ properties. The products bound by the polyacrylic ester have the excellent features than the products bound by the starch. The tenacity of the products with the ramie fibers is larger than that with the flax fibers. And the products with the polyacrylic ester is better than the products with the starch. However, the products bound by the starch are suitable for environmental protection. The products contained the glass fabrics have the stronger tenacity, the air permeability is added and the heat retention is reduced. Both the ramie and flax products have the excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation and light transparence, which can meet the requirement of agricultural application.The thermal-bond processing of the flax fibers and ES fibers are studied through the orthogonal layout and variance analysis. Some parameters such as the content of ES fibers, the heating temperature, the heating time and thepressure, which have the great effect to the products physics and mechanical performance, are discussed. The study shows that the content of the ES fibers is the main factor to the products’ performance. With the increasing of the ES fibers, the breaking tenacity both longitudinal and crosswise are raised greatly.Some scanning electron microscope pictures have been taken. The number of the adhesive points and the adhesive area increase with the ES content increasing. These adhesive points connect all flax fibers to form the adhesive area. With the different temperature, the ES fibers have the different melt performance. Because of the different adhesive effect, the tenacity is different. Too high or too low temperature is not suitable for better adhesive structure. If the temperature is too low, which can not reach the ES fibers’ melt point, the ES fibers can not melt fully and can not bind flax fibers. When the heating temperature and the time do not change, the lower pressure will result in the poor bind and the strength of the product is low. The higher pressure can help to the flow and diffusion of ES fibers, which are important to form better binding.To the different products which made by different ways, the breaking tenacity in the chemical-bond product is larger than that of the thermal-bond and their air permeability is similar. The bond between the flax fibers and the ES fibers belongs to non-polarity. Compared with the point-bond between flax fibers and ES fibers, the binding types of the chemical-bond product belong to the binder film. Both of the two binding ways belong to the mechanical binding.The two ways are suitable for the ramie and the flax waste fibers. Some of the products are tested by Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hemp Research Institute. The result shows that the plant growing is good.更多还原