【作者】 周兴华；

【导师】 郑曙明；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 水产养殖学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文进行了齐口裂腹鱼营养学方面的研究。分析了齐口裂腹鱼三个生长阶段肌肉的营养成分，并对其营养价值进行了评价；研究了幼鱼对蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐和能量的需求；研究了齐口裂腹鱼对饲料蛋白质的离体消化率和酶解速率。现将主要结果总结如下： 1．齐口裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分分析及营养价值评价 采用国际标准方法对齐口裂腹鱼小规格幼鱼（1.9±0.2g）、大规格幼鱼（72.4±7.3g）和成鱼（501.8±35.5g）肌肉中的水分、蛋白质、脂肪含量及脂肪酸、氨基酸的组成进行了测定分析，并对其营养价值进行了评价。结果表明： （1）不同生长阶段的齐口裂腹鱼肌肉常规营养成分基本相同；齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中水分含量最高，蛋白质、脂肪、灰分依次降低，无氮浸出物最低。水分、蛋白质、灰分变动较小，而脂肪和无氮浸出物变动较大。 （2）齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中主要含有27种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）9种，不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）18种；齐口裂腹鱼肌肉脂肪酸的组成有三个特点：不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于饱和脂肪酸；不饱和脂肪酸中高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量较高，平均含量为19.88％，；从小规格幼鱼至成鱼，不饱和脂肪酸含量变化很小，但高度不饱和脂肪酸含量有很大差异，特别是大规格幼鱼与成鱼之间发生了显著变化（P＜0.05）。 （3）齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中蛋白质由18种氨基酸组成，各种氨基酸在不同生长阶段肌肉中的含量比较稳定，人体所必需的氨基酸占氨基酸总量的47.93％，谷氨酸的含量很高，为氨基酸总量的14.56％；鲜味氨基酸的含量为29.44[g.（100g）^-1干重]，齐口裂腹鱼肌肉氨基酸评分和化学评分分别为70和41。 2．齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼饲料营养素适宜含量的研究 设计9个不同蛋白质水平（24.09％，27.96％，31.89％，36.11％，40.15％，44.07％，47.92％，52.07％，56.17％）的饲料，对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼（1.97±0.28g）进行了50d的生长试验。结果显示：随饲料蛋白质含量的升高，增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率均产生了显著的差异（P＜0.05），饲料蛋白质水平从24.09％增至40.15％时，鱼体的增重率表现为线形上升，在一定范围内（X＜40.15％）幼鱼增重率（Y）与饲料蛋白质含量（X）的回归方程为：Y=3.0827X-33.362（r=0.9862，P＜0.01）。在整个蛋白质含量梯度试验 西南农业大学硕士学位论文，...............范围内，幼鱼增重率与饲料蛋白质含量呈二次曲线关系，按抛物线拟合得方程:Y二一163.2+n.825X一0.1427X2（r二0.9207）。以回归分析法求得齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼饲料蛋白质适宜含量范围为35.96%一41.43%。 用正交试验法Lg（34），以增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率为评价指标，筛选齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼（2 .14士0.319）最适生长的饲料营养素含量为:蛋白质40.06%、脂肪6.02%、无机盐4%、总能13.09 kJ.g一，。各营养素对幼鱼的生长及蛋白质效率的影响大小为:蛋白质>总能>脂肪>无机盐，其中蛋白质为影响生长和鱼体成分的主要因素（P<0 .05），饲料蛋白质水平对鱼体水分和脂肪含量有明显影响（P<0.05），其它营养素水平变化则对鱼体成分没有明显影响（P>0 .05）。3.齐口裂腹鱼对饲料蛋白质的离体消化率和酶解速率研究 试验采用离体研究方法，以齐口裂腹鱼肠道、肝胰脏的粗酶液为酶源，测定了其对9种饲料（鱼粉、肉骨粉、羽毛粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、玉米、次粉、酵母粉）膨化前后蛋白质的离体消化率及在4.Ohr内氨基酸生成量随反应时间的关系和氨基酸的生成速率。用氨基酸生成速率表示蛋白质酶解速率。结果表明: （1）齐口裂腹鱼肠道对同一饲料蛋白质的离体消化率和酶解速率高于肝胰脏; （2）膨化对饲料蛋白质的离体消化率和酶解速率有影响。鱼粉、肉骨粉、豆粕膨化后离体消化率和酶解速率下降;羽毛粉、菜粕、玉米、次粉膨化后离体消化率和酶解速率上升，特别是玉米尤为明显;棉粕、酵母粉膨化前后离体消化率和酶解速率变化不显著 (P（0 .05）; （3）不同饲料间粗蛋白质消化率、酶解速率有差异，对非膨化饲料，鱼粉>豆粕夕肉骨粉>菜粕>酵母粉>棉粕>羽毛粉>次粉>玉米;对膨化饲料，膨化鱼粉>膨化菜粕>膨化羽毛粉>膨化肉骨粉>膨化玉米>膨化棉粕>膨化酵母粉>膨化次粉>膨化豆粕。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research is on nutrition of Schizothorax Prenanti. Nutrient contents of the muscle of Schizothorax prenanti at three different stages were analysised and its nutrient value was evaluated. The nutritional requirement of juvenile Schizothorax Prenanti for protein,fat, minerals and gross energy were studied. And so did the digestibility and enzymolysis rate in vitro of Schizothorax Prenanti to different feed.Experiment One: Evaluation of nutritive value and analysis of the nutritive composition in the muscle of Schizothorax Prenanti.Contents of the common nutritive composition were analyzed by national standard method in the muscle of small juvenile Schizothorax Prenanti ( average weight: 1.9±0.2g) , large juvenile fish (average weight: 72.4±7.3g) and adult fish ( average weight : 501.8± 35.5g ) , and so was the composition of fatty acids , amino acids . The results were as following:(1)In the muscle of Schizothorax Prenanti at three different stages, the common nutritive compositions were no significant difference, the moisture was the highest, among protein, fat and ash, the content descended in rum, and the NFE was the least, the contents of moisture, protein and ash had no remarkable variety, but fat and NFE had.(2)There were 27 kinds fatty acids in the muscle of Schizothorax Prenanti, include 9 kinds SFA and 18 kinds UFA. The composition of fatty acids had three characteristics. First, the content of UFA was higher than that of SFA. Second, the UFA contained more HUFA, the average proportion of HUFA in fatty acids was 19.88%. And third, from small juvenile fish to adult fish the contents of UFA ranged were very little, but the contents of HUFA had evident variety, especially, there were notable difference between large juvenile fish and adult fish (P<0.05).(3)There were 18 kinds amino acids were examined from the muscle of Schizothorax Prenanti. At different stages, the contents of all amino acids in the muscle were steady. The essential amino acids for human being accounted for 47.93% of total amino acids. The content of glutamic acid was considerably high, reaching about 14.56% of total amino acids . The content of delicious amino acids was 29.44g/100g dry matter. The AAS of the muscle was 70 and CS was 41.Experiment Two: Studies on suitable nutrient content in formulated diet for juvenile Schizothorax PrenantiThe nutritional requirement of juvenile Schizothorax Prenanti for protein,fat, minerals and gross energy were studied through 2 expriments.A 50-day growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level for juveniles of Schizothorax Prenanti, 9 protein levels (24.09%, 27.96%, 31.89%,36.11%, 40.15%, 44.07%, 47.92%, 52.07%, 56.17%) were formulated .The results showed that dietary protein levels influenced significantly the growth rate, feed coefficient, protein efficiency(P<0.05), when protein level ranged from 24.09% to 40.15%, the growth rate ascended linearly. In a definite range(CP<40.15%),the regression equation between growth rate(Y) and dietary protein level(X) was Y=3.0827X-33.362(r=0.9862, P<0.01). Among all the protein levels, the regression equation between growth rate(Y) and dietary protein level(X) was Y=-l63.2+11.825X-0.1427X2(r=0.9207). It was suggested that the optimum dietary protein level for the juveniles of Schizothorax Prenanti should be 35.96%-41.43%.An orthogonal designL9(34) was adopted to determine the nutritional requirement for protein (40.42%),fat (6.02%), minerals(4.0%),and gross energy(13.09 kJ.g-1),respectively, using growth rate, protein efficiency and feed conversion ratio as the biological indexes to assess the feeding effect. The results showed that the influence of nutrients on the growth rate and protein efficiency was as following order: protein> gross energy > fat > minerals, in the range of the factor levels. Thus, protein level had a main effect on growth and body composition of Schizothorax Prenanti (P<0.05) .Experiment Three: Studies on digestibility in vitro and enzymolysis rate of Schizothorax更多还原