【作者】 焦光纯；

【导师】 龚振平； 孟凯；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 种植， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以大豆东农163为材料，为探明高油大豆氮素积累生理机制和优质高效栽培提供理论依据，系统地研究了大豆植株干物质与氮素变化动态，结果表明：大豆生长过程中，叶片、叶柄、茎在结荚至鼓粒期干物质积累出现峰值，前期生长中心是叶片，逐渐转向叶片、茎并行期，之后转向荚果。氮素积累与干物质积累有关，生长前期氮素积累量较少，以后随植株生长速度及干物质积累量的增长而逐渐增大。植株中不同营养器官氮素含量间存在差异，叶片氮素含量明显高于叶柄和茎，呈单峰曲线，盛荚期达最大值；叶柄、茎呈平缓的下降趋势；荚果在鼓粒期后迅速增加。大豆不同位置叶片、叶柄中氮素含量变化动态有一定差异，初生叶片在生长过程中氮素含量先增加以后下降，呈单峰曲线变化；叶柄氮素含量自上而下呈高-低-高变化趋势。氨态氮在大豆叶片、叶柄、茎、荚果的含量动态上有较大差异，叶片、荚果中含量随生育时期的推进而下降；茎中氨态氮含量呈单峰曲线变化，鼓粒初期含量最高；叶柄中氨态氮含量变化动态是苗期含量较低，至盛花期呈上升趋势，然后开始下降，荚期降到最低值，以后开始上升。大豆植株上各部位叶片氨态氮含量，在苗期、盛花期、鼓粒初期，中部叶片含量比较高，上部叶片和下部叶片相对较低；鼓粒期叶片中氨态氮含量自上而下依次下降；叶柄中氨态氮含量在盛花期上部叶和下部叶含量高，中部偏低；在鼓粒期叶柄中氨态氮含量依次下降。硝态氮主要积累于叶柄和茎中，其含量动态是随生育期呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，其中茎的硝态氮含量平缓下降；生育中前期叶柄中含量明显高于茎中含量，而至鼓粒初期以后含量急速下降，低于茎中含量。苗期上部叶片叶柄硝态氮含量比较低，下部叶片叶柄含量高；盛花期倒1叶至倒4叶的叶柄硝态氮含量呈现逐渐升高的趋势，自倒4叶以下开始有所下降；鼓粒初期倒1叶的叶柄硝态氮含量极低，倒5叶、6叶最高，倒2叶、3叶、4叶以及倒7叶至倒11叶的叶柄硝态氮含量接近，但较倒5叶、6叶为低。酰脲在大豆茎、叶片、叶柄、荚果中都有分布，茎部酰脲含量明显高于叶片和叶柄，叶片含量高于叶柄；生殖生长期酰脲含量变化呈单峰曲线，盛花期含量最高，其后开始快速下降，鼓粒初期至鼓粒期其特点是含量较低、变化小；大豆茎和叶柄中酰脲相对丰度自初花期明显增加，茎中酰脲丰度自盛花期稳定在62％～68％，叶柄中酰脲丰度范围在22％～34％，依此推断进入叶中同化的氮素主要是根系吸收的矿质态氮，而非根瘤固定的氮素，根瘤固定的氮素很可能在茎中直接同化或直接进入结实部位。东农163倒3叶、倒4叶的叶绿素含量随生育期的推进呈单峰曲线变化，最大值在鼓粒初期，在鼓粒后叶绿素含量急速下降。各部位叶片相比，中上部叶片叶绿素含量较高，与氮素含量呈正相关(R=0.6691)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this research, the dynamics of dry matter and nitrogen in soybean plant were systematically investigated, using DN163, an advanced high oil selection, as plant material in order to probe the physiological mechanism of nitrogen accumulation in high oil soybean, and to provide the theoretical basis of agronomic measures for high quality and high profit. The results are as follows.Dry matter accumulation in the leaf, petiole, and stem peaked in the period from fruiting to filling. In the early stage of growth, the growth center was in leaf, turned gradually to both leaf and stem, and then legume. Nitrogen accumulation was correlated to dry matter accumulation. In the early stage, less nitrogen was accumulated. Afterwards, nitrogen accumulation increased with increase in the growth rate of plant and dry matter accumulation.The nitrogen content in soybean plant changed as a curve, with the maximal value being at flourishing fruiting period. There was difference in the nitrogen content among different organs, and leaf contained more nitrogen than petiole and stem did. The nitrogen content in leaf changed also as a curve, the maximum being at flourishing fruiting period, while the nitrogen in petiole and stem decreased slowly with the growth of plant. The nitrogen content in legume increased steadily after filling stage. The positions at which the leaf was borne on a plant had an effect on the nitrogen content. The nitrogen content in the leaf from top to lower part increased and then decreased, whereas in the petiole the reverse was true.The dynamics of ammonia nitrogen was different among leaf, petiole, stem, and legume. The ammonia nitrogen in leaf and legume decreased with the process of growth. The change of ammonia nitrogen in stem was as a curve, with the maximal value being at the early filling stage. The ammonia nitrogen content in petiole was low at seedling stage, increased until flowering stage and then decreased with minimal value being at fruiting stage, and finally increased again. The position of leaf on a plant had an influence on ammonia nitrogen content. At the stages, seedling, flourishing flowering, and early filling, the middle leaves contained more ammonia nitrogen, while top and low leave less. In the filling stage, the ammonia nitrogen content decreased in the leaves from top to low part. For petioles, the ammonia nitrogen content was high in the top and low leaves at flourishing flowering stage, and low in the middle. In the filling stage, ammonia nitrogen content decreased from top to low leaf. Nitrate nitrogen was mainly accumulated in petiole and stem, and it decreased with the growth of plant. In the early stage of growth, the petiole held a high level of nitrate nitrogen. In the early filling stage, it began to decrease sharply and was lower in petiole than in stem. For thedistribution of nitrate nitrogen in different leaves on a plant, in the seedling stage up leaves were low in nitrate nitrogen content compared with low leaves. In flourishing flowering stage, the nitrate nitrogen content increased until the fourth leaf from the top, and then began to decrease. In early filling stage, the first leaf from the top contained a very low level of nitrate nitrogen. The fifth and sixth leaf contain a high level of nitrate nitrogen, and the content in the second to fourth and seventh to eleventh leaf was similar, but lower than in the fifth and sixth.Ureide was found in stem, leaf, petiole, and legume. The content of ureide was much higher in stem than in leaf and petiole. Leaf was higher in ureide than petiole. During the period of R1-R6, ureide changed as a curve with a single peak appearing at the flourishing flowering stage. The percentage of ureide in stem and petiole began to increase at the early flowering stage. From flourishing flowering stage onwards, the percentage of ureide ranged from 62% to 68% in stem, and 22% to 34% in petiole, suggesting that the nitrogen in leaf was from inorganic nitrogen absorbed from soil by roots, not from nitrogen fixed by rhizobium, t更多还原