【作者】 何春霞；

【导师】 王厚华；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 重庆大学开发的高层建筑火灾烟气流动性状预测应用软件，针对高层建筑多层多室的建筑特点，采用网络模型，对火灾发生时的烟气流动状况和烟气状态做出了正确可信的量化描述。然而，原程序在处理走廊这种狭长空间时，将其当作一个网络节点，假设节点内部的状态参数均匀一致，这与实际情况有较大的误差，因为走廊在长度方向的尺寸远大于高度和宽度方向，当烟气在走廊中蔓延时，烟气温度、烟气浓度等参数在其流动方向的不同位置会有明显的不同。本文根据烟气在走廊中流动的实际情况，建立走廊网络节点模型，根据规律，动态地分析火灾过程中烟气在走廊中流动性状，包括温度分布、压力分布、烟气浓度分布等，用MATLAB 语言编制了相应的程序，对工程实例中烟气在走廊中的蔓延做出了量化描述。例如走廊在长度方向上的温度、烟浓度、CO2浓度及烟气在走廊蔓延速度等值，这将为火灾情况下结合烟流性状评价建筑物安全疏散性能奠定基础。并通过与四川消防科研所进行的《长通道地下商业街实体火灾试验研究》的实验数据对比，证明该软件对烟气在走廊型建筑中流动性状的预测的正确性、可靠性。目前，性能化设计的研究已成为国际火灾科学研究领域的热点。随着国内有关研究机构的大力开展消防安全工程学的研究工作，取得了一批实用性成果。从处方式设计规范到性能化设计规范的转换，将是我国建筑防火设计规范发展的方向。而我国《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》只是引用国外有关建筑防火法规的数据，给出了单位面积排烟量指标，按防烟分区面积计算排烟量[2] ，这种处方式规范无法保证所论建筑防排烟方案的安全性和经济性。本文经算例及与实验结果的对比验证，表明了重庆大学开发的高层建筑火灾烟气流动性状预测应用软件的正确性和可靠性，根据实际中每座建筑不同装修状况、不同形体、不同通风条件、不同燃烧阶段及不同可燃物容量的建筑火灾产生的烟气量不同的差异，利用完善后的《高层建筑烟流性状预测软件》计算实际建筑所需的最佳排烟量，对所论建筑按不同的防排烟方案进行科学地、定量地评价，进而得出最佳的防排烟系统设计。验证了该软件在高层建筑烟气控制性能化设计的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The application software of calculation on properties of fire smoke flow in building developed by ChongQing university, using network model which is based on high-rise building with multiple story and room feature has been proved reliable. However, when the software deal with long and narrow space like corridor in structure, the corridor is taken as one net, in which state parameter is regard as even thing. This hypothesis has much error compared with real situation, because the length of corridor is much than width and height. When smoke flow spread out in corridor, the temperature and the concentration of smoke vary distinctly in different place of corridor along its length. In this case, the author set up network model referring to corridor in structure in term with real situation and analyze properties of smoke flow including temperature -variation with time, smoke concentration -variation with time, CO2 concentration -variation with time and spreading velocity of smoke flow in corridor, etc. These will establish foundation for evaluating safe evacuation combined with properties of fire smoke flow. By compared with data of substantial experiment in Sichuan fire protection institute, the author proves correctness and reliability of the software of calculation on properties of fire smoke flow in corridor.Now days, studies on performance-based system design becomes the focus of international fire research fields. With achievement on fire safety domain of relative study institution, it is a trend from the old prescribed-based system code to performance-based system code for fire safety code of our country. However, fire safety code of high-rise building of our country recommend smoke extraction volume per square meter in line with the code of Japan, getting whole smoke extraction volume by multiplying the surface area of fire protection zone. This prescribed-based design can not guarantee fire safety and efficiency .By deriving the real situation of different ornamentation, structure, ventilation, burning stage, fire load, etc, the author uses the software gets the optimum smoke extraction volume of real building needed, gains the best fire safety design system, which also proves practical value of the software.更多还原