【作者】 杨雄文；

【导师】 陈刚；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 诉讼法， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 越来越多的诉讼案件需要借助科学证据解决争端，而科学证据制度的构建是各国证据制度的难点。然而，我国鉴定体制改革研究的注意力集中在法律方面，导致对科学证据的研究流于证据规则表面而不能深入。给予科学证据中的科学更多关注，是完善我国科学证据制度的迫切要求。 首先，文章结合两大法系关于鉴定人制度和专家证人制度的规定，界定科学证据的定义。综合两大法系对证据概念的不同理解和认识，赞同将科学证据归属于证据方法。梳理了科学证据属性与证据一般属性的区别，科学证据与其它各类证据不相同的属性。探讨了科学证据的内在、外在和次级价值。 其次，剖析了我国鉴定的委托和受理，鉴定手段的正当性对鉴定结论证据能力的影响。从证明的角度，对鉴定实施中科学理论的真理性和正确性证明、拟制事实中的因果关系，并针对包括科学本身误差几率与科学的概率在内的科学确率问题作了分析。从科学证据的可采性、证明力、专家意见的抵消三个方面提出审查科学证据的具体对策，建议对鉴定结论适用推定正确来限制自由裁量权。 最后，为完善我国科学证据制度，提出：坚持鉴定人制度、优化科学证据制度的程序、借助市场来保障专家的职业道德素质和科学证据的质量、提高复合型司法工作者的比例、应用科学领域的方法论。更多还原

【Abstract】 More and more cases need to solve the dispute through the scientific evidence, and scientific evidence construction of system evidence difficult point of evidence system of various countries. But in our country, the attention of appraisal system reform study concentrate on the legal respect, which cause the study on scientific evidence to drift the regular surface of the evidence but can’t be deepened. Paying more attention to science of scientific evidence is the urgent request of reform to perfect our appraisal system.First of all, this text accords with the provision on expert witness’ system and surveyor’s system in two fundamental law systems to define the definition of the scientific evidence. It synthesizes different understanding of evidence concept of two fundamental law systems, agrees in incorporating the scientific evidence into the evidence method. Then it explains attribute difference between scientific evidence and general evidence and between scientific evidence and other all kinds of evidence. It probes into the inherent, external and secondary value of the scientific evidence.Secondly, it analyzes the commission and acceptance of appraisal in our country, and the impact on expert’s conclusion credibility brought by the proper character of appraisal means. From angle of prove, truth and exactness of scientific theory prove, identification to causality in fiction fact, and science own error probability and scientific probability direct against the issue of scientific precise, are analyzed. From three respect including scientific evidence adoption, prove strength and expert opinion offset, it proposes concrete countermeasure of examining scientific evidence, and proposes that it is suitable to infer correct to limit discretionary power to expert conclusion.Finally, in order to perfect the scientific evidence system of our country, it proposes to adhere to surveyor’s system, optimize the procedure of the scientific evidence system, ensure professional ethics quality and scientific quality, raise the compounding judicial personnel proportion, and apply methodology of natural science field.更多还原