【作者】 陈小杉；

【导师】 谢勇；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 刑法， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 保护伞是否是黑社会性质组织的必备要件的问题，在司法界和理论界仍然存在争议。文章通过对国内外有组织犯罪集团概念的分析综合，比较黑社会(性质)组织与其他犯罪集团的异同，认为在一定的区域或行业实现非法控制是黑社会(性质)组织的核心特征。只有这一个特征才对是否成为黑社会性质组织起着决定性的作用，犯罪亚文化、组织的严密性、势力范围、经济实力都只是这个核心特征的具体表现。是否有保护伞并不能凸现黑社会(性质)组织的本质，势力强大的黑社会(性质)组织不需要保护伞也可以在与基层政权的对抗中占据优势，因此它不是黑社会(性质)组织必须具备的。但是腐败是保护伞产生的温床，因此保护伞仍然是一个值得我们重视的问题。黑社会(性质)组织的非法控制包括内部控制和外部控制两个方面。一方面不良亚文化是黑社会(性质)组织内部控制的纽带，暴力不仅是外部控制也是内部控制的主要手段。另一方面，黑社会(性质)组织的外部控制包括建立势力范围，实现对经济的控制。同时，政权的渗透是大部分黑社会(性质)组织实现非法控制所需要的，因此也有探讨的必要。文章结合国外的典型案例，剖析了我国黑社会(性质)组织的内部控制和外部控制诸要素的形成原因和表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Whether the umbrella is an indispensable important document to Mafia-style syndicate still exists dispute on the judicial circle and theory circle. Through organizing the analysis of the concept of criminal group of other countries, comparing the similarities and differences between Mafia-style syndicate and other criminal groups, I think that Mafia-style criminal gangs form control at certain area or trade is the key characteristic of them. Only this characteristic plays a decisive role in becoming the Mafia-style syndicate. The crime subculture, tight quality, the sphere of influence, economic strength are embodiment of the key characteristic. Whether there is umbrella that can not protrude essence of Mafia-style syndicates. Some of them without can occupy the advantage when they antagonize the grass-roots political authority force. So it is not necessary to every Mafia-style syndicate. But corruption is hotbed which produce umbrella, so umbrella still is a worth problem which we have to pay attention to. The illegal control of Mafia-style syndicates include the inside control and outside control. On one hand, bad subculture is the tie of inside control, and violence is not only the means of outside control but also main means of inside controls. On the other hand, the outside control includes setting up the sphere of influence, realizing’ economic control. Besides, the infiltration of regime is necessary to most Mafia-style syndicates. So the paper still probes into it. Combining foreign typical cases, the paper analyzes the forming reasons and embodiment of the illegal control of our country’s Mafia-style syndicates.更多还原