【作者】 肖利平；

【导师】 唐受印； 戴友芝；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对含盐有机废水的厌氧生物降解性及其机理进行了研究。对未经盐驯化和经20g／L盐驯化的厌氧污泥的耐盐性能进行了对比研究；深入探讨了盐度对厌氧生物的抑制特性，并得出了抑制动力学模型；对工业高盐度有机废水(本实验采用甲基氯化物生产废水)在不同盐度驯化的厌氧污泥条件下的抑制特性和可降解性进行了比较研究；结合新型反应器USSB探讨了实际含盐有机废水厌氧生物处理的可行性。研究结果表明：(1)采用葡萄糖水样，当盐度由0g／t,逐步升高到50g／L，对未经盐驯化污泥的抑制作用逐步增强，但污泥活性随着反应时间的延长会得到一定的恢复；盐度≥10g／L时，用20g／L盐度驯化的污泥处理效果优于未经盐驯化的污泥；盐度与驯化盐度相同时，对污泥活性抑制较小，盐度比驯化盐度增高或降低都会对污泥活性产生抑制，使COD去除率下降，且增高比降低抑制效果更明显。产甲烷菌比产酸菌对盐度更敏感。(2)当水样盐度≤20g／L时，盐对未经盐驯化污泥厌氧生物降解葡萄糖的抑制类型是反竞争型。其抑制动力学方程为：其抑制系数K_I=7632.2mg／L。当盐度为30g／L时，抑制类型属混合竞争型。盐度对经盐驯化污泥的抑制作用要小于未经盐驯化的污泥。(3)用未经盐驯化和经低盐(5g／L或10g／L)驯化的污泥处理甲基氯化物农药废水时，随废水浓度的提高，抑制作用增强。但在废水稀释≥4.8倍(COD≤8300mg／L)，总COD≤9560mg／L的范围内，各污泥的产甲烷活性均会得到一定的恢复，且经盐驯化的污泥比未经盐驯化污泥受到的抑制较小、恢复更快。 (4)经10叭盐驯化的厌氧污泥脱磷效果较常规污泥好很多，特别是处理高浓度农药废水时，其TP去除率>45%，Op去除率>55.6%。 (5)未经盐与经不同盐度驯化的厌氧污泥中微生物相存在着明显的变化，随盐度升高污泥由以杆菌和球菌等多种微生物相共存的体系变化到以单一球菌为主，而且其中的球菌都具有一定厚度的荚膜。 (6) USSB反应器在中温(35士2℃)条件下，经过60天启动后，用于处理含盐有机废水，当进水COD浓度为2188一5288m目工、有机负荷为2.4一6.9 kgC①.m’3.“时，e①去除率在82.0%以上，最高可达92.5%，仰去除率也在50.5%以上，出水的碳酸氢盐碱度刃FA的比值在3 .33一5.73之间，反应器运行稳定，取得了良好的运行效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, a laboratory study on the feasibility and degradation mechanism of anaerobic treatment for saline organic wastewater was conducted. The capability of resisting salt of anaerobic sludge cultivated by no salt or different salinity was comparatively studied. Moreover characteristic of salt inhibition to anaerobic microorganisms was deeply discussed and a dynamic equation was attained. During treating actual industrial wastewater such as Methyl-chloride wastewater in this paper, the capability of degrading organism of anaerobic sludge cultivated by no salt or different salinity was studied. Moreover, the feasibility of anaerobic treatment to practical saline organic wastewater in Upflow StagedSludge Bed (USSB) was studied too. The result showed:(1) Using artificial glucose wastewater, the salt inhibition to anaerobic sludge cultivated by no salt was increased gradually with influent salinity added from 0g/1 to 50g/l. But the activity of this sludge can acquire some recovery with the HRT prolonged. When the salinity was higher than l0g/1, the effect of the sludge cultivated by 20g/l salt was better than that by no salt. If influent salinity was the same as the cultivated salinity, the salt inhibition to this sludge was the lightest, increasing or decreasing influent salinity were able to inhibit the activity of the sludge and reduce the COD removal efficiency. Moreover increasing influent salinity brings heavier inhibition than decreasing it. The methanogenic bacterium was more sensible than acetogenic bacterium.(2) When the influent salinity was below 20g/l, salt inhibition type of anaerobic biodegrade glucose wastewater with sludge cultivated by no salt was anti-competitive with the inhibitor constant of 7632.2mg/L. The inhibitory dynamic equation was expressed as:When the influent salinity equaled to 30g/l, salt inhibition type was mix-competitive.(3) Anaerobic sludge cultivated by no salt or low salinity (such as 5g/l or l0g/1) was used to treat actual Methyl-chloride wastewater, salt inhibition was increasing with the influent concentration. When the wastewater dilute times 4.8 (COD 8300mg/L) , the total COD 9560mg/L, the sludge’s methanogenisis activity can attain some recovery. Moreover, sludge cultivated by salt was less inhibited and the methanogenisis activity in this sludge was able to recover faster than that cultivated by no salt.(4) Anaerobic sludge cultivated by l0g/1 salt had much more well dephosphorus effect than that cultivated by no salt, especially used to treat high concentration of pesticide wastewater, The total phosphorus (TP) and organic phosphorus (OP) removal efficiency of this system could reach more than 45% and 55.6% respectively.(5) The microorganism form of anaerobic sludge cultivated by different salt content, compared with that cultivated by no salt, had a distinct change. With the wastewater salinity increased gradually, the microorganism form of anaerobic sludge changed from multi-microorganism system made up of bacillus and coccus etc. to microorganism system mostly made up of coccus. Moreover all coccus of this system had a definite thickness outer membrane.(6)The sludge in the USSB reactor had been cultivated for 60days at mesophilic condition (35 2 ), then was used to treat real organic wastewater. The result showed that the COD removal efficiency of the reactor could reach more than 80% and even reach 92.5% with influent COD concentration 2188~5288mg/L,organic loading rate 2.4~6.9 kgCOD.m-3.d"1. TP removal rate could also reach more than 50.5%, the ratio of bicarbonate alkalinity and VFA was among 3.33 ~ 5.73. The reactor had stable operation performance.更多还原