【作者】 黄舸；

【导师】 张平；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 一般力学与力学基础， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 二氧化硅纳米多孔材料是由胶体粒子相互聚结构成纳米多孔网络结构的一种高分散固体材料。具有高孔洞率、高比表面积和孔洞尺寸在纳米量级的特点。由于结构的特异性，使其具有了许多奇特的性质。但是在材料的制备上，一直存在着反应条件严格，容易开裂的问题，这就限制了该材料的制备条件和应用。因此，我们在对该材料进行了力学分析之后进行了材料的制备设计，采用了在常温常压下的微分干燥法来制备该材料。全文共分为两个部分：1．材料干燥过程的力学分析和力学设计对二氧化硅纳米多孔材料的干燥过程进行了初步的力学分析和描述，将凝胶干燥过程分阶段来讨论。在干燥初期讨论了卸载波所产生的动力学效应；在干燥中期分析了孔径分布不均匀对凝胶应力场的影响，并在实验中得到证实，而且较好的解决了孔径分布不均对纳米多孔材料干燥造成的影响问题；在干燥后期从宏观上对已经产生微裂纹的材料分析了孔隙率和吸附效应对其裂纹扩展所产生的影响。同时，力学分析对实验中控制反应条件以制备出性能良好的材料并有效的防止开裂起了很大的指导作用。2．掺Ni的二氧化硅纳米多孔材料和无机-高分子杂化材料的制备实验中以正硅酸乙酯为硅源，以无水乙醇为溶剂，以稀盐酸和稀氨水作为催化剂，采用溶胶凝胶法成功的制备了金属离子和二氧化硅气凝胶的杂化材料；在电场下对其进行电学处理，使得Ni离子在凝胶中呈梯度变化分布；通过实验选取合适的溶剂和催化剂，成功的制取了无机高分子杂化材料。并对实验中所制备的各种材料的结构、形态进行了一定的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nanoporous network structure of silicon dioxide nanoporous material which composed of colloid particles conglomerating together is a kind of highly dispersed non-crystalline solids. It has numerous particular properties for its unique structure of high porous, high area ratio and nano magnitude in porous’ dimensions. In the synthesis of the material, however, it always exists the problems of rigorous reacting conditions and easily cracking, which confine the preparation and application of the material. Therefore, after mechanical analyzing of the material, we designed and adopted new method at normal temperature and pressure conditions of preparing the materials, differential drying method, to get intact specimens.This paper mainly consists of two parts: 3. Mechanical analysis and designing of drying processThe drying process has been described and analyzed preliminarily in three periods. During the first period, the dynamical effects produced by unloading waves has been studied; During the medium period, it has been analyzed that the effects on stress field of gels are originated from the uneven distribution of porous, which has been proved and resolved by some chemical methods; Finally, during the last period, the materials with cracks have been studied for the effects of porous ratio and sorption on the crack developing. Under the guidance of mechanical analysis, new drying methods, differential drying method, which is useful incontrolling the reacting condition is designed.4. Preparation of SiO2 nanoporous materialadulterated with Ni and inorganic-biomaterial hybridSiO2 nanoporous material adulterated with Ni has been synthesized successfully from tetraethoxysilicane as silicon resources, ethanol as solvent and watery HC1 or ammonia by sol-gel method; It is also dealt with in the electric field with Ni redistributed vertically; Organic-biomaterial hybrid has been prepared by choosing suitable solvent and catalyst ; Promising properties have been obtained after a series of experiments.更多还原