【作者】 魏玉；

【导师】 王名；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 面对滚滚而来的银发浪潮，作为一类竞争性公共物品，养老福利服务的供给模式改革迫在眉睫。“小政府，大社会”的总体思路，就是要逐步减小政府在公共资源配置中的比重，增大社会的基础作用。20世纪末，中国已进入老龄社会，养老福利作为社会福利的重点引起了社会各界的关注。社会改革时期，非营利组织尤其是各类社会养老福利机构迅速发展，并承担起越来越多的社会职能，逐渐成为养老福利服务供给模式中的主体。论文立足于公共物品和社会福利的理论基础，指出养老福利服务的“竞争性公共物品”的属性，并选择罗斯的混合福利公式，辅以动态图形分析共同构成研究框架。论文首先从历史的角度将中国社会福利制度的发展分为五个阶段，并将传统的养老福利供给模式概括为“家庭→单位→政府”“三相分离式”的剩余模式。市场经济的发展和社会结构的转变，直接冲击着传统模式。论文全面的分析了传统模式所面临的外部冲击和内部冲突，提出“三相”多元化、“分离”融合化的发展方向，并对“多元融合式”的供给模式进行简单构建。在各地养老福利社会化实践的比较分析基础上，论文以政府采购为目标模式，总结出养老福利服务政府采购模式的涵义、原则、方式、供给关系、管理关系、存在问题等。论文还对两种模式中的政府与非营利组织的作用进行了比较详细的分析。最后，论文分别从政府管理和非营利组织发展的角度，提出了五条政策建议。各地应在经济发展基础上，积极鼓励社会兴办相应的养老福利机构；逐步完善政府采购、福利机构管理等相关法规制度；大力培育筹资机构、监督机构、评估机构、联合机构、信息机构等其他社会中介组织；拓宽养老机构的外部社会关系，提高其内部管理；加强精神文明建设，为老人以及养老福利机构的发展提供良好的社会环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 In face of the great wave of white hair, it becomes necessary and inevitable to reform the mode of supply welfare service for the elderly, as a type of rivalrous public goods. The macro orientation of "Little Government and Great Social" means to reduce the proportion that government holds in public resource configuration and to strengthen the basic role of social gradually. In the end of 20th century, it was declared that China has come into aged social structure; as a result, aged welfare has become key task and drawn attentions from whole social circles. During the period of social reform, the emergency of Nonprofit Organizations (NPO), especially various aged welfare organizations, has brought huge vigor for supply of aged welfare service. They played more and more important roles and have been main part in supply mode of welfare service for the aged.On the basement of theoretical research, welfare service for the aged is a type of "rivalrous public goods" in essence. The analysis framework is composed of "Rose Mix Welfare Formula" and dynamic figures.Except theoretical research, the main content of the thesis is as follows:Firstly, there exists five periods that Chinese social welfare system underwent from history aspect. Before 1990’s, traditional supply mode operated, which is generalized as "Three-Phase Separated" residual mode, where three-phase means "Family→Danwei→Government" system.As development of market economic and transition of social structure, the tradition supply mode is impacted strongly, including exterior challenge and interior conflict. Having discussed these impacts comprehensively, a conclusion is drawn that "three-phase" gets complicated and "separate" gets confluent, and then "Poly-Element Confluent" supply mode is constructed simply.<WP=4>After comparing practice of several cities, Shanghai City mode named "Government Procurement" is selected, and its conception, principles, ways, supplying connections, management connections are empirically studied. In particular, the roles of government and NPO are analyzed detailedly.Finally, five pieces of constructive policy advices were brought forward for government and NPOs, including that government of all levels should encourage social force to build welfare service organizations for the aged, according to their economic development environment; that relevant laws and institution on government procurement and NPO management should be advanced step by step; that other social medial agencies should be breeded, such as fundraising organizations, supervising organizations, evaluating organizations, associated organizations and information organizations; that aged welfare organizations should broaden external social relation and improve inner management; that social culture should be enhanced to provide well environment for the development of the aged and aged welfare organizations.更多还原