【作者】 褚宝鑫；

【导师】 陈乃祥；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 现代水利水电工程中调压设施的内部流动十分复杂，物理模型试验方法的相似准则难以同时满足，所以数值模拟成为对水利水电系统动态特性研究的重要手段。因此论文主要通过数值模拟对带有变顶高尾水隧洞、气垫式调压室、虹吸断流等调压设施的水利水电工程过渡过程进行了深入的研究，并对带有调压室的复杂管系水轮机调节系统建立了状态方程，得出了对工程设计及动态仿真研究很有参考价值的结论。论文对溪洛渡、向家坝等具有明满交替流的电站进行了过渡过程计算，特别是对向家坝水电站进行了变顶高尾水洞和尾水调压室的方案比选。研究表明，在尾水隧洞长度小于一定值时，可以采用一定坡度的变顶高尾水洞代替尾水调压室，这样不仅节约投资，而且从大小波动的特性来看有些指标还优于尾水调压室方案；研究表明尾水洞洞顶坡度对隧洞中明满交替流产生的最大压力有显著的影响，适当加大坡度可明显减小压力极值；明满交替流最大压力发生的工况是人们关心的重要问题，研究表明在下游水位稳态线交于尾水隧洞洞顶线中部附近且流量最大时的甩全负荷工况是其极值产生的工况。虹吸式泵站虹吸断流模型的建立是复杂引水提水工程动态仿真中的重要问题，本文提出了建立仿真数学模型的方法------虚拟控气溢流式调压井模拟法。研究中虽然对水流挟气能力进行了线性假设，但是结果基本符合泵站的实际运行情况，能较准确的模拟出启动和停机情况下泵转速和扬程变化过程，具有一定的参考价值。论文结合有气垫式调压室的水电站进行仿真，提出了计算调压室水位极值时应假设气室内气体满足恒温条件，而计算压力极值时应假设其满足绝热条件，其体积设计应以小波动稳定时的气室体积为准，这对气垫式调压室型体设计将产生重要影响。论文推导出了带有调压室的复杂管系水轮机调节系统的状态方程，从而为判别该类调节系统的稳定性及最优控制的设计、优化调节参数、改善电力系统中机组的动态品质打下了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Press-Regulation facilities have very important function in water and hydraulic engineering.But for the resemble standards of complex flow hard to meet the demand,this limit the method of model experiment,so the method used to demonstrate feasibility of Press-Regulation facility is mainly numeric simulation.According to these, transient simulations of several water and hydraulic engineerings with Press-Regulation facility has been studied. Such as Air-Cushioned Surge Chamber , Inclined Ceiling Tailrace, Siphonic Pump Station. And then some reference conclusions are offered.Transient simulations of several hydropower stations with mixed Free-Surface-Pressure flow such as Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu are studied.Also surge plan is compared with inclined ceiling tailrace plan for Xiangjiaba station.The result declare that when tailrace is short than some length, the surge can be replaced by inclined ceiling tailrace,for this is less investment and better property.The inclination of tailrace has noticeable influence for the max press in tailrace.Enlarge the inclination properly can decrease the max press. Max press appear at the case that when the downstream waterline is about locate the centeral part of the tailrace ceiling. In siphonic pump station system, the state of water flow and the siphonic process is very complex at the section of siphonage,and there is not a satisfactory model untill now.In this paper a new model has been offered.This model is base on the method of simulating the section of siphonage with spilling surge tank.And then dynamic simulate models of the siphonic pump station system was offered. With these models, transient simulation of a pump station of interior diversion work is studied, and results meet the actual in pump station.This has a important reference value in some measure.Transient simulations of hydropower station with Air-Cushioned Surge Chamber declare that the gas in air chamber match heat insulation condition when calculate the max press of system,and match constant temperature condition when calculate the max level of Surge Chamber.The design of air chamber’s volume should base on the<WP=4>volume which system is steady when small wave occur.This has significant influence to design of air chamber’s volume.State equation of hydropower station with surge is build in the article.The stability of the turbine regulating system and it’s dynamic characters can be determined and analysed,which can provide the basis for readjustment of the regulating parameter.更多还原