【作者】 王永杰；

【导师】 陈立虎；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 国际法， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 政府补贴是一国干预其国民经济的重要手段，也是一国经济主权行为。战略性贸易政策理论则从经济学角度证明了政府补贴对一国经济具有积极作用，然而从法理学角度看，政府补贴违反了公平竞争原则，扭曲了市场竞争关系，不利于世界经济和财富增长。因此国际社会希望通过立法对政府补贴区别对待：对扭曲国际贸易关系的补贴进行限制或禁止；对与国际贸易无关的补贴不予干涉。可申诉补贴制度在这种指导思想下，通过《补贴与反补贴协议》确立起来。 可申诉补贴以《补贴协议》确立的补贴定义为基础，专向性是它的主要特征。依据《补贴协议》，补贴是指授予机构给予接受者以财政资助或者收入或价格支持，从而使接受者获得利益的政府行为。可申诉补贴的专向性包括企业专向性和区域专向性。 有三种补贴情形违反可申诉补贴制度：损害另一成员国内产业；使另一成员的利益丧失或减损；严重侵害另一成员利益。确定“损害另一成员国内产业”分四个步骤进行：第一，认定同类产品；第二，认定国内产业；第三，认定损害程度；第四，认定补贴与损害之间的因果关系。在确定“使另一成员的利益丧失或减损”中，利益实质上是指《关贸总协定》确定的贸易竞争关系，利益是受害方可以合理预期的。在确定“严重侵害另一成员利益”中，如被申诉方是发达国家成员，申诉方只需证明法定补贴措施存在即可推定存在“严重侵害另一成员利益”；如被申诉方是发展中国家，申诉方除需要证明法定的补贴措施存在外，还要证明补贴措施造成了法定的侵害结果，才能认定存在“严重侵害另一成员利益”。 可申诉补贴制度虽已确立，但亦存在许多缺陷需要各成员在以后的谈判中进行修改、补充和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Governmental subsidies is a significant measure interfering in national economy as well as a state’s sovereignty act. From the point of economics Theory of Strategic Trade Policy, governmental subsidies play an active role for a country’s economy. But it goes against the principle of fair competition, distorts market competition and not good for the world economy and wealth accumulation from the view of jurisprudence. Therefore international society hoped to cope with governmental subsidies respectively through legislation: restricting or prohibiting subsidies which distorts the relationship of international trade; not intervening subsides which are not relating to international trade. Start from the above thinking, actionable subsides system was established, in Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.Actionable subsides are based on the definition of a subsidy under Agreement on SCM, specificity is their primary characteristic. According to Agreement on SCM, subsidy means that granting authority gives an enterprise or a industry a financial contribution or any form of price support so that an enterprise or a industry acquires a benefit. Specificity of actionable subsides includes enterprise/industry specificity and regional specificity.There are three circumstances violating actionable subsidy system: injury to the domestic industry of another Member; nullification or impairment of benefits,to other Members; serious prejudice to the interests of another Member. There are four steps in determining injury to the domestic industry of another Member: firstly determining the like products; secondly determining the domestic industry; thirdly determininginjury; fourthly determining causation between subsides and injury. In determining nullification or impairment of benefits to other Members, benefits are actually refer to the relation of trade competence held in GATT, and are reasonably anticipated by victims. In determining serious prejudice to the interests of another Member, if an defendant is an developed country, an plaintiff only need to testify existence of legal subsidy measures, and serious prejudice to the interests of another Member can be inferred to be existed. But when a developing country acts as a defendant, both the existence of legal subsidy measures and legal injurious caused by subsidy measure, are needed to testified by a plaintiff.Actionable subsides system has been established, it still has many defects which need to be modified, replenished and improved in the later WTO negotiations.更多还原