【作者】 王海英；

【导师】 陈立虎；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 票据法从长期的历史发展和票据实践中发展了票据抗辩原理，其对于保障票据交易安全以及公平地保障票据债务人的合法权益有着十分重要的意义，它在整个票据制度中起着关键性的作用，其存在价值无庸置疑。本人认为设置一种合理、适度的票据抗辩制度，包括票据债务人的抗辩权范围及对票据抗辩的限制，这是一个完善的票据制度在另一个层面上的反映，是从另一角度有力地保护票据债权人和债务人的利益，从而保障票据的流通。本文基于票据的基本特征，比较分析国内外票据立法，结合我国《票据法》颁布前后司法实践中出现的一些问题，对票据抗辩制度作一探讨发现，由于我国的票据制度是近几年才发展起来的，票据抗辩制度基本上借鉴了二大法系的一些经验制度，更多地参考日内瓦统一票据法体系而采取严格主义，甚至在某些方面，例大、小写金额不一致导致票据无效，出票人签章上的严格规定以及不承认空白票据补记的效力等方面表现得更为严格，特别是对票据的无因性的限制，有悖世界通行的票据法惯例，在一定程度上不利票据的流通。市场经济中不可避免地出现违反票据制度的行为和当事人滥用抗辩权的行为，也多少影响了票据在我国的流通推广，此外，审判人员的民商法素质和审判水平不及也影响到对合法持票人权利的保护，因此导致票据至今在我国无法像在国外那样推广到社会经济生活的各个领域而使它们得以广泛使用，所以，立法的完善、司法公正乃是完善票据抗辩制度，促进票据广泛流通的关键所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bill counterargument principle, developed from the long-term history of the bill law and the bill practice has quite vital meaning upon the protection of safe bill exchange and the protection of legal rights and interests of the bill debtor, and plays a critical role in the whole bill system. Its existing value is doubtless. I think that to set up a reasonable and suitable bill counterargument system including the scope of the counterargument right of the bill debtor and the restriction against the bill counterargument, it is the reflection of the perfect bill system on another layer, and can powerfully protect the interest of the bill debtor and creditor from another angle, thus to safeguard the circulation of bills. Based on the basic features of the bill, this paper makes comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign bull legislation. Combined with some problems occur in judicial practice in our country before and after the promulgation of <the Bill Law>, it makes exploration upon the bill counterargument system and gets some findings. As the bill system has been developed recent years in our country, the bill counterargument system has drawn some experiences from two major law systems, and referred much from the Geneva Uniform Bill Lawful System thus to take the rigidism, even in some aspects it looks too rigidity such as that the bill is invalid due to different writing of amounts in words and in digits, the signature and stamp of the drawer have rigid stipulation, the refilled blank bill is not accepted and so on, especially the restriction without reasons upon the bill is completely against the international customs of the billlaw and is unbeneficial to the circulation of the bills to a certain degree. The behavior violating the bill system inevitably appeared in market economy and the behavior the litigant misuses the counterargument right all impede the circulation of bills in our country. Moreover, the consciousness of the civil law and the judicial level of the judicial officers also weaken the protection upon the right of legal bearer of the bill. As a result, the bill could not be popularized and applied widely so far in our country in every aspect of social and economic life which is the case in foreign countries. Therefore, the perfection of the legislation and the fair judicature are the crux by which the bill counterargument system can be perfected and bills can then be widely circulated.更多还原