【作者】 范桂兰；

【导师】 刘剑峰；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 理查德·赖特(Richard Wright，1908-1960年)被认为是美国黑人文学史上里程碑式的人物，是美国二十世纪三、四十年代受压迫的黑人以及关于黑人问题的最受尊敬的代言人之一。他的代表作《土生子》的问世不仅在思想上开了抗议小说的先河，而且在艺术上也标志着美国黑人文学走向了成熟。《土生子》自1940年出版以来引发了许多文学评论家对此小说的主题以及其他各方面的评论和争议。 在大量的批评资料中，虽然很多文学评论家也注意到了《土生子》中生动饱满的人物形象及细致深刻地的人物性格的心理描写和分析，但很少有人就此小说及小说的艺术技巧进行专门研究。因此，本文主要用心理学的方法对该部作品的艺术形式及小说在塑造主人公形象中的艺术技巧进行了尝试性的研究。 第一部分是文章的引论部分。简要介绍了赖特的生平，他在当今文学史上的地位、《土生子》的故事梗概、材料来源、批评回顾等，并简要说明了本文的研究重点和意义。 第二部分是对该部作品的艺术形式的研究。小说在表现主题方面主要是以第三人称透过主人公的独特的意识心理描写，突显和强化了其主题思想；小说的场景提供了使读者产生强烈反应的物质环境，有效地反映了别格的深层情感；小说的结构也使主人公形象更为丰满，因为从此起彼伏的情节中展现出了主人公的心理变化及成长，这样就从别格的具体内心体验和外在经历中创造了更为丰满、细致的主人公形象；赖特在小说的人物塑造中，对主人公别格周围的人物轻描淡写，从而用浓墨重彩着力描写了主人公的人格复杂性和他的最终觉悟；主题的分析反映了其新的时代内容，使读者看到是种族隔离和种族歧视的社会造成了别格的悲剧命运和人们的病态心理，同时也使读者看到宿命论和自由意志两种思想相互冲突和相互作用构成了小说的主题思想。 第三部分分析了小说中的心理描写和象征性语言的应用。小说中的心理描写揭示了主人公的双重的矛盾的内心世界和人格的复杂性，使别格成为具有既自负又自卑，即心怀恐惧又勇于反抗，既畏惧白人又使白人畏惧，既感到失败又充满希望的复杂个性的人物。小说中象征性语言的使用同样进一步揭示了主人公的内心活动和人格矛盾，以及人与人，尤其是白人与黑人之间的隔膜和矛盾。 第四部分是文章的结论部分。本文通过对小说文学形式方面的研究尤其是通过对小说中几比.心wri沙t’S施谊吧吕脚助dl坦丝丝旦丝主鱼丝的心理描写和象征性语言的研究，表明《土生子》之所以成为一部杰作在于它把艺术形式和革命的思想内容有机地相结合，从而产生了一个反映当代美国现实生活的多层面的展撼人心的图景.通过对别格的反抗犯罪心理的描写分析，赖特为我们塑造了一个不同于逆来顺受的汤姆叔叔的具有反抗精神的新的黑人艺术形象。别格这一人物的出现表明美国对种族歧视问题的自觉意识达到了一个新的高度，促使美国公众更加重视种族问题。因而别格成为美国文学中又一个典型形象，成为黑人个人意识的又一个代名词，从而在美国黑人文学史上树立了一个新现实主义的里程碑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Richard Wright is considered a figure as milestone in the history of Afro-American literature and one of American most highly respected spokesmen for Black problems and the oppressed black American in the late 1930s and 1940s. In 1940 the appearance of Native Son made literary history. From its publication in 1940 to the present, Native Son has sparked a vigorous critical debate involving a wide variety of critics who have approached the novel from many revealing perspectives.Among the different criticisms on Native Son, many critics pay attention to the profound theme and the delicate description and analysis of the hero’s psycho in the characterization, but there are few critics who make thorough study on it, especially in China. The writer has tried to provide, for the first time, mainly by the psychological approach, a full- length analysis of the various aspects of the novel’s form and its artistic techniques in the characterization of the hero that make Native Son remarkable.Part One is a general introduction to Richard Wright and his novel Native Son. It briefly introduces the life of Wright, his position in the literary field, the plot, the source, the literaryreview of Native Son, it also points out the significance of the thesis.Part Two is a separate study of the various aspects of the novel’s form that constitute anorganic unity that helps Wright to recreate human experience on many levels. Point of view personalizes and intensifies the novel’s ideas by pushing them through the central character’s unique consciousness. The setting establishes a physically substantial world that strongly arouses all the readers’ senses. As we have seen, the setting also has emotional value, for it is often used brilliantly as a reflector of Digger’s deepest feelings. The novel’s structure also enriches the hero in the novel, as it reveals the hero’s inward growth from the scenes that make simple ideas reverberate against one another, and thus helps to create a richer, more delicate image. The characterization reveals that Wright simplifies the characters surrounding Bigger to highlight the intricacies of Bigger’s personality and his achievement of selfhood. Through the analysis of the theme, it reveals the revolutionary new content that the society of racial segregation anddiscrimination has created and should be responsible for the tragedy of Bigger Thomas and results in people’s morbid psychology. It also reveals that the novel’s main theme consists of a complex interplay of the two ideas, the deterministic vision of life and the free will.In Part Three, the writer has paid special attention to the use of the techniques such as psychological description and figurative language in the novel. The psychological description reveals Digger’s paradoxical interior life and the intricacies of his personality that make him at once good and evil, proud and shameful, fearful and defiant, awful and awesome, frustrated and hopeful. And figurative language in the novel is also used to depict Bigger’s ambiguous character and further highlight the discrepancy between Bigger’s perception of himself and the view of him held by others.Part Four is a conclusion of the thesis. Through the detailed analysis, especially through the analysis of the use of the psychoanalysis and figurative language, the writer finds that Native Son is a masterwork because its formal artistry and its revolutionary new content are solidly integrated to produce a complex and resonant vision of modern American reality. Bigger emerges as a rebellious, prideful, temperamental, challenging new black hero quite different from the mild and humble Uncle Tom. The emergence of Bigger shows that American racial consciousness has reached a new level and forces the whole society to take racial problem into serious consideration. Thomas Bigger, Therefore, has become another typical image in American Literature and another word standing for individual consciousness of Black people.更多还原