【作者】 赵雪英；

【导师】 杨理践；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着油田的多年开采，油井的高压注水使原油输油管线中含水率增高，原油含水率直接影响原油的开采、脱水、集输、计量、销售、冶炼等，若含水率检测不准，将直接影响油井及油层动态分析，破坏电脱水器中电场，降低脱水效果，给原油集输造成很大能源浪费，在原油炼制过程中原油含水率超标易引起突沸等恶性事故的发生，因此原油含水在线检测非常重要。而含水率的精确测量十分困难，因此需要研制宽范围含水率计量仪表，实现原油含水率的在线精确测量。这对于确定出水、出油层位，估计产量和预测油井的开发寿命以及油田的产量质量控制、油井状态检测、减少能耗、降低成本和采油管理自动化具有重要的意义和实用价值。 本文的研究工作以含水原油为研究对象，由于输油管道内原油的含水率不同，使电容传感器探头的输出电容值发生变化，其变化量一般在几十到几百皮法范围，因此本文主要研究原油含水率的检测，主要完成了以下工作： 1．通过阅读国内外相关文献，对原油含水率测试技术及国内外相关产品的的动态进行介绍。 2．对原油含水率现有的几种主要测试方法进行了归纳总结和比较，分析了各种测试方法的基本原理、应用范围、优缺点并结合我国原油高黏度和高含水率的特点确定系统整体方案。 3．对系统的关键部分即电容传感器的输出电容的检测方法进行了阐述和比较，针对各种方法的特点，确定本系统采用充／放电法进行检测。重点阐述了充／放电法的基本原理，分析、设计、制作并调试了此方法的实际电路，即将电容值转换为线性成比例的电压值。 4．进行了系统其它部分的设计、制作和调试，包括电压信号的转换，即电压-频率转换电路、等精度频率测量电路、上位机控制数据采集、处理。 5．分析实验数据，为系统的进一步完善提出了几点建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mine along with many years of the oil field, the high pressure affusion of the oil well makes water content in the crude oil pipeline higher, the water content directly affects the crude oil exploitation,dehydration, transportion, measure, sell, smelt etc.The inaccurate measure of the water content will affect directly oil well and oil layer dynamic analyse, destory the electrical field in the electric dehydrator, lower the dewatering effect, result in energy waste.During the process of the crude oil smelting,the superscale of the water content will easily cause serious accidents such as boil etc., so the on-line measure of the water content of the crude oil is very important.But the accurately measure of the water content is very difficult, therefore it is necessary to develop a water content meter with wide-scope, in order to realize the on-line measure of water content of crude oil.This has important meaning and practical value to position the layer of water and oil, estimate oil yield, predict the life of exploitation of the oil well and control the yield, detect the status of oil well, reduce energy waste ,low the cost and manage automatically.The measurment object of the research in this dissertation is the crude oil with water content.Because of the different water content,the output capacitances of the capacitor sensor vary.The range commonly between ten and hundred pF, so this dissertation mainly study the measurement of water content of crude oil.The main results are as follows:1. Through studying the domestic and international related documents, introduce the measuring technology of the water content , states quo and the trend of domestic and international related products.2.The existing several test methods of water content of crude oil are summarized and compared, the basic principle, application, merits and shortcomings are analyzed.The whole scheme has been advanced according to the feature of high viscosity and high water content of our country.3.The key part of the system namely the measurement of the output capacitance of the capacitor sensor has been expatiated and compared, according to the characteristics of every kind of methods, charge / discharge method has been adopted.4.The basic principle of the charge/discharge method is expatiated. Analysis, design, make and adjust the practical circuit of this method, namely capacitance is converted to linear proportional voltage value.5.Design,make and adjust the other parts of the system,including the conversion of voltage, namely voltage-frequency circuit, the equal-precision frequency measurement circuit, data collection and processing of PC.6.Analyze the experiment data, give some advices for the further perfect of the system.更多还原