我国小企业ISO9000认证的理论和实践研究

【作者】 龚丕洪；

【导师】 吴潮；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 工商管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 ISO9000族国际标准是为适应国际贸易和质量管理的发展需要，在总结世界各个国家，特别是发达国家质量管理体系经验的基础上制定的，该系列标准具有较强的实践性和指导性，一经问世，立即受到各国的普遍欢迎，纷纷采用。随着国际经济市场一体化进程的加快，企业有效地执行ISO9000族国际标准对提高产品（或服务）的质量，降低生产（或服务）成本，建立客户对企业的信心，提高经济效益，最终大大提高企业在市场上的竞争力意义重大。小企业是我国经济中的一个重要层面，它在我国经济发展、就业和社会协调方面所起的作用越来越大，但由于它们的管理大都不是很规范，导致许多小企业面临着诸多问题。我国已经加入了WTO，许多小企业为了进入全球大市场和提高自身竞争力，正在积极探讨或进行ISO9000认证。但现时中仍存在质量管理不务实的现象，往往把获得质量体系认证作为广告，而不是作为改进产品和服务质量的管理工具；注重文件程序与标准的符合性，而忽视管理程序的实效性；重视外部认证，忽视内部审核；对认证的实质缺乏正确的认识。在QL压铸厂认证中，我作为管理者代表，亲历了ISO9000认证，感受到现代管理理论和ISO9000系列标准其实是相辅相成的：一方面，企业运作过程中已暴露出来的或潜在的许多管理问题，以ISO9000认证为手段可得到解决；另一方面，认证过程中不可避免地会遇到管理问题，可运用现代管理理论来求解。本文共有四章，第一章介绍了小企业的概念、地位与作用以及面临的问题，并说明了ISO9000认证的必要性，第二章对ISO9000系列标准的由来及认证工作进行了阐述，第三章通过对现代管理理论和ISO9000系列标准的分析，结合认证工作实践，对企业目标、组织机构调整、人力资源管理模式的建立等认证工作中的实际问题找到了现代管理理论的理论依据和解决办法。第四章对认证过程中我国小企业文化背景、外部环境、自身的不足提出了探讨。<WP=3>本文的重点和创新之处在于，通过分析ISO9000认证与现代管理理论的内在联系，用现代管理理论来说明ISO9000认证的科学依据，并以具体企业为例说明认证中问题的解决方法。我希望本文对正在进行和已经通过ISO9000认证的小企业有所帮助，能够以正确的态度和认识来对待ISO9000认证工作。世界公认的著名质量管理学家，美国的J.M朱兰博士称“21世纪是质量世纪”。ISO9000系列标准会给认证企业带来持续的压力和动力，质量管理的理论和方法在不断地发展、变化，对管理基础薄弱的小企业来讲，应积极加入ISO9000一族，走向管理现代化，实现二次创业。更多还原

【Abstract】 ISO9000 international standard is meet to development requirement of internal commerce and quality management, and it bases on the quality management system of world, especially developed country. It has very nice practice and guidance function, so every country accept right now and adopted it. As the rapid globalization of international economy market make together rapidly, it is important for enterprise to maximize economy benefit and its competed ability by implementing ISO9000 standard, improving produce/service quality, reduce production/service cost and ensure customer belief in itself. Small enterprises plays an import role in our country and have more and more function in our country economy development, employment and community harmony side. But many enterprises face many problems due to the backward management. China had entered into WTO and many small enterprises try or pass ISO9000 certification to enter the seven seas market and improve their competitiveness. In actually, some enterprises certify ISO9000 for advertisement effect. The organization only focus on paper files is applicable to standard instead of its actual effect. As a management representative, when in QL die-casting factory I get through ISO9000 certification and realized the idea that the theory of modern management is relevant to the ISO9000 Standards. On one hand, ISO9000 Standards can help solve some managing problems root in the operating process of the enterprises. On the other hand, by the theories of modern management we can find answers to some problems encountered during the ISO9000 certifying.This text includes four chapters. 1st chapter introduce conception on small enterprise, its status and function and problem. 2nd chapter introduces ISO9000 standard history and expound its certification. In 3rd chapter, with certification work practices, method and theory basic were given thought analysis on modern management theory and ISO9000 standard to resolve actual problem e.g. enterprise objective, organize change and human resource management which root in work. The<WP=5>final analysis of the defect of small enterprise itself during certification is discussed in 4th chapter.I hope that this text can help these small enterprises that certifying and had certified ISO9000 standard with a right attitude on the system. Mr. J.M doctor, an acknowledged famous quality management person had said that it is a quality century in 21 century. ISO9000 standard is making unceasing progress to small enterprises. So small enterprises that lack of experience of management, shall actively get ISO9000 certification, establish modern management system and carry out its second innovation according to its present situation.更多还原