动态矩阵控制算法的改进及其应用

【作者】 唐胜利；

【导师】 姜波； 王金城；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 控制工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 水轮发电机组的调节装置主要有水轮机调速器和发电机励磁调节器，这两套调节装置分别负责电能有功(频率)及无功(电压)的调节，以满足电力系统对电能的频率及电压的质量要求。水轮机调速器调节性能的优劣直接影响电力系统频率的品质和稳定，对电力系统的能量平衡和安全可靠运行具有重要的影响。 水轮机调节系统是一个非线性、参数时变的非最小相位系统。同时，还存在各种约束条件，因此，要求精确建立其数学模型是非常困难的。目前，水轮机调速器的主导调节规律仍然是PID调节规律，或者是以PID为基础的调节规律。虽然控制效果基本能满足生产过程的要求，但全局稳定性及最优性有待进一步提高。 预测控制是一种计算机控制算法，因其建模简便、易于在线实施，在工业控制中得到了越来越广泛的应用。动态矩阵控制是一种应用广泛的预测控制算法。 本文将动态矩阵控制算法进行了改进，并将其应用于水轮机调节系统，对多种型式的机组转速调节进行了研究。动态矩阵控制改进算法使得模型可较早截断，避免了一般动态矩阵控制要求模型长度N过大而使在线计算量很大的弊端，它将使算法更容易在线实现。 本文对各种机组调节系统进行仿真，结果表明，对于混流式和轴流转浆式机组，通过反馈校正系数和控制权矩阵的正确选择，可以解决调节时间和水击压力上升的矛盾；对于贯流式机组，提出了动态矩阵PI控制方案，可以较好的解决此类机组转速难以稳定的问题。 本文还对动态矩阵控制的参数选择和闭环特性进行了讨论和分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydroelectric generating set has two type governing equipment. One is electro-hydraulic governor of turbine which can adjust frequency (active power) the other is excitation governor of generator which can adjust voltage (reactive power). They work together for meeting the requirements of the voltage and frequency that the electrical power system brings forward to. The capability of electro-hydraulic governor of turbine directly affects the quality of frequency that is important in the security and dependability.Electro-hydraulic regulating system of turbine is a non-linear time-varied minimum phase system. For many confine condition, setting up an accurate mathematical model is very difficult. At present, the main way of electro-hydraulic governor of turbine is PID or some that bases on PID. Although the ending is almost satisfied with requirements, the stability need improved.Predictive control is a computer algorithm. Easily modeling and carrying out online brings it to more and more application in industry control. DMC is one of the predictive controls that are widely used.The paper improves the arithmetic of DMC and applies it in Electro-hydraulic regulating system of turbine and studies on many types turbine. DMC improved can make the model quicker truncated. It avoids the abuse that DMC need make the model long and N very big and quantity of calculation large. It makes the arithmetic easier realized.The paper makes simulation for each type of Electro-hydraulic regulating system of turbine. The results of simulation show that for the Francis and Kaplan turbines the contradiction between regulation time and pressure increasing can be solved by logical chosen of feedback adjustment coefficient and control cost-weighting matrix. For tublar turbine the dynamic matrix PI control scheme can effectively solves the difficulty of speed stabling of this type turbine.Finally, this paper discusses and analyzes the chosen of parameters and close-loop characteristic of dynamic matrix control.更多还原