【作者】 游丽；

【导师】 王坤庆；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 马丁·特罗(Martin Trow，1926-)关于高等教育大众化的理论在我国广泛传播，高等教育大众化的实践在中国也是紧锣密鼓。高等教育大众化顺应了时代的要求，是中国政治、经济、文化发展的需要，也是新形势下高等教育自身发展的需要。但是特罗的高等教育大众化理论在中国传播的过程中存在着理解上的偏差，在指导中国高等教育大众化的实践中存在一些问题。本文通过对湖北省内的几所高校进行直接或间接的了解，并利用工作机会到上海市，与上海市教育工委和几所兄弟高校进行交流，认为高等教育大众化过程中中国大学办学存在着以下几个方面的问题：①套用高等教育大众化理论，大学追求大众化；②不依据实际条件，大学盲目追求大众化；③不分层次，不分类别，所所大学开放化；④片面追求量的大众化；⑤孤立的追求大众化。 本文还在大量阅读有关文献资料的基础上提出，特罗关于高等教育大众化的理论是源于对高等教育发展历史进程的阶段性思考，不是关于大学办学思想的理论总结，大学只是高等教育体系中的一个子系统，大众化理论不能直接用于指导大学的办学实践。且理论本身缺乏严密性和科学性，需要进一步的完善和论证，用理论指导一国高等教育的发展时也需要结合该国高等教育自身的特色，结合本国的国情，进行有限的预测，不能盲目的、机械的照抄、照搬。高等教育大众化理论对中国大学办学肯定会产生并且也实际的产生了一定的影响，如促进了大规模招生，使大学在校生人数不断增加，对大学管理体制改革提出了潜在的要求，指出了大众化前后大学办学可能发生的变化，要求大学从树立新的培养目标、坚持自己的办学特色、积极努力的创造优良的内外部环境廖硕士学位论文人，入只’I’E只’S‘l’11工三界I卜等方面着手，努力适应高等教育大众化新形势的要求。但这种影响只能是通过我国高等教育思想的发展变化间接发生的作用。 本文在尝试分析高等教育大众化理论对一国大学办学到底应该有哪些影响和对我国大学办学实际产生了哪些影响的基础上提出了对策。认为必须全面、深入的分析、研究高等教育大众化理论，才能正确的运用这一理论指导大学办学;高教改革势在必行，要采取有效的手段减少大学与政府的相互依赖，归还大学办学的自主权;要加强社会宣传，在全社会树立起正确的高等教育消费观、高等教育质量观等观念，积极推进社会改革，为高等教育大众化营造良好的环境，以推进我国高等教育早日顺利实现大众化。更多还原

【Abstract】 While Martin Trow’s (马丁.特罗,1926-) theory of mass higher education spreads widely in our country, the development of Chinese higher education is in full swing. The popularization of higher education conforms to the trend of the age and the demand of the development of politics, economy, culture as well as the higher education itself. But there has been some misunderstanding on Trow’s theory during its spreading, thus causing several problems when guiding the popularization of higher education in China. Based on an investigation in a few higher learning institutes in Hubei province and some exchanges of ideas with the colleagues of the Shanghai Educational Committee and several Shanghai colleges and universities, this article has summed up the following problems coming up as China embarks on the road of the popularization of higher education. First, mechanical application of Trow’s theory; second, blind pursuit of popularization disregarding the actual conditions; third, universal opening regardless of the level and type of the school; fourth, undue emphasis on the quantity of student enrollment; fifth, isolated initiatives by individual schools.With extensive reference to relevant literature, this article points out that Trow’s theory on mass higher education is merely some reflection on the periodization of the development of higher education, not a framework of theories on the management of higher learning institutes and that higher learning institutes constitute only part of the higher education system. So Trow’stheory can’t be used as direct guidance on the running of higher learning institutes. On the otherhand, the theory falls short of logical and scientific requirements and needs further improvement and verification. Besides when a theory is used as the guidance of the development of a country’s higher education, the special features of the higher learning in that country and the state situation should also be taken into consideration to make qualified predications instead of making blind and mechanical copies. In actuality, Trow’s theory serves in the development of Chinese universities. It has helped to promote the enrollment of students and raise potential requirements on the reform of the management system. It also helps to foresee the possible changes just before and after the popularization of higher education and request the university adapt to the demand of the new situation, aiming at setting new goals, preserving positive traditions and creating good external and internal environment.Based on the attempts at analyses of the impacts of Trow’s theory on the management of universities in some countries and China, this article makes its own proposals in the development of higher education in China. It maintains that good application comes only after a comprehensive and in-depth research and understanding of the theory. It also contends thai effective measures should be taken to achieve less mutual dependence of universities and the government and greater autonomy of the universities as the reform of the higher learning system is inevitable. Finally it proposes that more publicity should be made to help establish sound mindset on the consumption and quality of higher education and that social reform should be deepened to create an environment conducive to the earlier realization of the goal of higher education popularization.更多还原