数据电文的证据问题研究

【作者】 刘诚；

【导师】 吕斌；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 人类进入二十世纪后半页，特别是九十年代以来，信息技术取得了迅猛发展，网络已越来越近的走进人们的生活，逐渐成为人们日常工作、学习、生活的一部分。人类的社会生活方式正在发生深刻的变化，这种变化是科学发展和技术进步所带来的结果，也一种是历史的必然，尽管人们可能还没有做好迎接这种变化的准备。今天，人们在充分享受信息技术所带来便利的同时，也不得不面对数据电文----信息技术的必然产物----所带来的法律问题，一个全新的、属于“虚拟世界”的法律问题。在这其中，数据电文的证据问题是其中一个较为突出的问题。证据是诉讼的核心。与传统证据相比，数据电文证据具有显著的、不相一致的、难以包容的特点，如何正确处理数据电文的证据问题已经成为我们必须面对的问题----一个非常紧迫的问题，一个无法回避的问题。毕竟，数据电文就在我们身边。在我国目前有关立法相当匮乏且互相冲突和司法实践茫然无措的现实情况下，在实行依法治国、积极推进法制化进程的背景下，如何正确对待数据电文证据----不仅为了解决日益增长的现实问题，更是为了努力避免我国在数字化浪潮中居于不利地位----是本文关注的核心。 文章共分为五个部分。第一部分是数据电文的基本问题。作者采用国际通行的解释给出了数据电文的概念----一个非常有弹性、开放性的概念。总结了数据电文与传统文书资料截然不同的四个特征：高科技性、无形性、易破坏性、复合性。从国际立法的视角论述了对待数据电文法律问题的通用原则和方法----以功能等同法为原则，解决数据电文在书面、原件、签名三个最基本、也是冲突最明显的地方与传统法律不相容的问题：数据电文也具有书面形式；数 争议时，一般需要通过协助调查义务人来作为双方之外的中立第三方提供相)、谈的证据，从而通过推定的方式来确定电子邮件的真实性问题。此外，通过添加数字签名也足·个丫J‘效的、必将越来越多使川的做法。，几足网络仗」如}，的数J)，.{电文证据。最主要、也是甘l讨最有效的方法就是及时进行公七:!{保全tlI一据，此外也有‘一种当庭查证的做法---一个并不十分可靠的方法。三是计算机犯罪l一牛，}!勺数据电文证据。作者介绍了我国刑法规定的___几类计算机犯罪、在收集计脚‘{夕L犯罪中数据电文一证据时应注意的问题以及计算机取证技术的发展〔更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the second part of 20 century, especially 1990s, information technology has been improved rapidly. The network has more and more closely walked into the life of people, and has gradually been a part of people’s life, study and work. The deep change of the manner of people’s social life is taking place, which is the result of the development of science and improvement of technology, and the certainty of history too, although people haven’t prepared for it. Today, while enjoying the convenience taken by the information technology, the men have to face the legal problems of the data message-the product of information technology, which is new and belongs to "cyber space". Among the problems of data message, the evidence problem is outstanding. Evidence is the core of litigation. Compared with traditional evidences, the data message evidence has remarkable and incompatible characteristics. How to deal with this problem of data message evidence has become a problem we must face-a pressing and inevitable problem. After all, the data message is in the vicinity of us. In current circumstances of our poor and conflicting legislation and ignorance in legal practice, and in the background of running country according to law and moving forward the procedure of legality, how to deal with the evidence problem of data message correctly-not only for the problem of reality, but also for preventing our country away from unfavorable position in the digital wave-is the focus of this article.The article is composed of five parts. The first is the elementary problems ofdata message. By international analysis, the author gives a concept of data message-a flexible and open concept, summarizes four features showing the notable difference between the data message evidence and traditional evidence, which are high-technicality, invisibility, easy-destructibility and complexity. From the corner of international legislation, the author states the common approach or principle?functional-equivalent approach, resolving primary and conflicting problems of written, original and signature that can not be involved with traditional evidences: data message is also documentary and suitable with original; the electronic signature has same effect with the hand-writing signature. The last is the importance of the research of data message evidence-not only for law, but also for technology.The second part is the legal position of the data message evidence. There are seven evidences in our tradition law, which the data message evidence belongs to? The author studies several points of view of researchers in our country, especially popular and adopted by parts of law opinions-"documentary evidence", "audio and video materials", "independent evidence", "comprehensive evidence". From the essence of data message evidence and based on classify of our evidence, the author gives a new standpoint: the data message evidence belongs to documentary evidence or video and audio materials according to the content of it.The third part is the collection and preservation of data message evidence. The author states the special collection of data message evidence from the collection person, inspection of the spot and test of investigation. The preservation of data message evidence includes common preservation and notary preservation. Thecommon preservation, which is done by the parties and the court, can be implemented in alternative way and shouldn’t be harmful to the benefits of others. In current stage of information technology and legislation, notary preservation is one of the most efficient methods about preserving the evidence of "cyber world", although it is not unique. Network notary undoubtedly represents the direction of preservation development and has brilliant prospect.The forth is cognizance of data message evidence, including admissibility and effect of certification. In the aspect of admissibilily, being as data message evidence, it shouldn’t be discriminated; moreover, its characteristics should be considered sufficiently. T更多还原