我国黑社会性质组织犯罪研究

【作者】 孟祥国；

【导师】 陈结淼；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本硕士论文由引言和正文部分组成。 引言介绍了本文的写作目的与意义，国内对黑社会性质组织犯罪的研究现状以及本文所涉及的主要问题。 正文分四个部分。对黑社会性质组织犯罪的概念、特征、成因进行了分析探讨，提出了我国黑社会性质组织犯罪的防治对策。 第一部分，界定了我国黑社会性质组织犯罪的概念。文章认为，要准确地界定黑社会性质组织犯罪的概念，首先必须科学地界定黑社会性质组织的概念。目前，我国国内对于黑社会性质组织的概念问题远未达成共识，立法机关、司法机关、理论界和实践部门各执一词。文章从我国刑法的规定着手，比较了目前国内学术界关于黑社会性质组织的几种有代表性的观点，分析了有关立法解释和司法解释的不同，归纳总结出我国黑社会性质组织的概念，即：由三人以上的成员按照一定的组织结构所组成，以有组织地使用暴力犯罪为手段，以非法获取社会财富和实现对社会某一领域的非法控制为目标，拥有一定经济实力和排他性的势力范围的暴力犯罪集团。界定了我国黑社会性质组织的概念后，文章对我国黑社会性质组织犯罪作出定义，即：指与黑社会性质组织自身直接相关的犯罪以及黑社会性质组织实施的各种犯罪行为。也就是说，黑社会性质组织犯罪应当包括两个方面的内容：一是指与黑社会性质组织自身直接相关的犯罪；二是指黑社会性质组织实施的各种犯罪行为。 第二部分，论述了我国黑社会性质组织犯罪的特征。文章在我国刑法的规定、立法解释和司法解释的基础上，吸收和借鉴了理论界的学术研究成果，通过考察近10多年来我国黑社会性质组织及其犯罪的实际状况和特征，对我国黑社会性质组织及其犯罪的特征进行了归纳和概括。文章认为，我国黑社会性质组织具有五个本质特征：一是具有一定的组织结构。表现在：拥有一定数量的组织成员，内部有较为稳定的组织结构，内部有较为完整严格的规章戒律，有明确的群体奋斗目标，内部有共同的群体意识和犯罪亚文化氛围。二是有组织地实施暴力犯罪。三是以非法获取社会财富和实现对社会某一领域的非法控制为目标。四是拥 有一定经济实力。五是有排他性的势力范围。同时，我国黑社会 性质组织还具有极具渗透性和腐蚀性的特点。文章认为，我国黑 社会性质组织犯罪具有四个特征：一是具有一定的组织性。二是 实施的犯罪以及犯罪手段具有多样性。三是反侦查能力强，侦查一破案难度增大。四是具有极其严重的社会危害。 第三部分，对我国黑社会性质组织犯罪的基本成因进行了分一析。文章认为，黑社会性质组织犯罪作为一种犯罪现象，是社会 多种消极因素综合互动的产物，其产生的深刻根源就在于现实社 会之中。在我国现阶段，经济体制改革使我国处于由传统型社会 向现代化社会的转型时期，生产关系与生产力发展的诸多不适应， 为黑社会性质组织犯罪提供了生存的土壤和条件。我国黑社会性 质组织犯罪滋生、蔓延的原因，表现在十个方面：一是经济关系 的多元化和社会结构的复杂化，为黑社会性质组织犯罪的滋生。 蔓延提供了机遇。二是社会不平等加剧，社会出现新的阶层分化， 为黑社会性质组织犯罪的滋生、蔓延提供了社会基础。三是以黄、 娼、赌、毒为业的非法地下经济和非法需求的客观存在，刺激了 黑社会性质组织犯罪的发展。四是市场经济对人们思想道德观念 的负面影响，是黑社会性质组织犯罪产生发展的精神动力。五是 国家控制力的减弱是产生黑社会性质组织犯罪的重要因素。六是 急剧增长的刑事犯罪，以及对黑社会性质组织犯罪分子打击不 力，为产生黑社会性质组织犯罪创造了适宜的社会氛围。七是腐 败现象的客观存在是黑社会性质组织犯罪学生和发展壮大的温 床。八是根深蒂固的行帮意识和帮会文化，以及当代犯罪亚文化 的广泛传播，为黑社会性质组织犯罪的滋生、蔓延提供了广泛的 思想基础，成为黑社会性质组织犯罪的助动剂。九是具有强烈的 反社会意识和畸变需要，是黑社会性质组织犯罪形成的心理原 因。十是境外黑社会组织的渗透也是我国黑社会性质组织犯罪滋 生、蔓延的一个重要原因。 第四部分，研究提出了我国黑社会性质组织犯罪的防治对 策。文章认为，预防黑社会性质组织犯罪最根本的方法，是消灭 黑社会性质组织犯罪产生的原因和条件。从我国黑社会性质组织 犯罪的基本成因可知，黑社会性质组织犯罪在我国的滋生与发 展，是政治、经济、法制。文化、社会控制等方面多种消极因素 综合作用的结果，因此，利用各种社会力量，加强社会治安综合更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation paper for master degree consists of foreword and text. The foreword introduces the objective and significance of writing the paper, domestic research situations about the organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate and the related major problems.There are four parts in the text. The concept, characteristic and cause of formation about the organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate are analyzed and discussed and prevention and cure countermeasures for China’s organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate are proposed.The concept of organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate of China is clarified in the first part. In this dissertation, it is considered that for the exact clarification of the concept of organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate, we should clarify the concept of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate above all. At present, domestic common understandings about the concept of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate have not been reached and legislature, judicial machinery and academic circle hold their own separately. This dissertation begins with the stipulations of Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, compares several representative viewpoints on the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate in academia, analyzes the difference between relative legislative interpretations and judicial interpretations and concludes the concept of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate of China-The organization in the nature of criminal syndicate is the violence criminal gangsterdom of more than three members organized according to certain structural framework, aim to obtain public fortune illegally and realize the illegal control over some fields of the society and possession of particular economic strength and exclusive zone of influence. After clarification of the concept of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate of China, this dissertation defines the organized criminal acts in the nature ofcriminal syndicate-the direct relative crimes of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate itself and the criminal acts exercised by the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate. That is to say that there are two aspects of content in the organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate: one is referred to the direct relative crimes of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate itself; another is the criminal acts exercised by the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate.The characteristics of the organized criminal acts in the nature of criminal syndicate of China are discussed in the second part. On the basis of the stipulations of Criminal Law of the People’s of China, legislative interpretations and judicial interpretations, this dissertation concludes and generalizes the characteristics of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate and its criminal acts, with absorption and reference of academic research production in academia and through review of the actual status and traits of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate and its criminal acts. In this dissertation, it is considered that there are five underlying characteristics of the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate: the first is of certain structural framework and it reflects in those: it has certain amount of members, comparatively stable interior structural framework, comparatively full and strict interior commandments and rules, definite struggling objectives of organization itself and common organization’s consciousness ad sub-cultural environment of crimes; the second is that it is organized to exercise violent crimes; the third is aim to obtain public fortune illegally and realize illegal control over some fields of the society; the fourth is of particular economic strength and the fifth is of exclusive zone of influence. At the same time, the organization in the nature of criminal syndicate of C更多还原