【作者】 王兴中；

【导师】 阳国亮；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 国民经济学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 空间集聚经济效益是经济活动在空间上地域集聚的根本原因，城市发展是社会经济活动及其要素追求集聚经济的结果，城市成为经济活动地域空间集聚的现实载体。现代社会越来越具有集约化社会的特征，发达国家的经验告诉我们，只有人口和产业在空间上高度集约，才能实现资源利用效率的极大化和可持续发展。而形成和发展城镇密集区及城市群（带）并使其高级化，可以在更大的地域范围内获得集约化效率。在我国，一个突出的问题就是社会经济活动及其要素在空间上相对分散。对于我国西部地区而言，一方面是社会经济活动及其要素（如乡镇工业及服务业和人口）的相对分散布局，另一方面是大中城市内第二、三产业及其要素的粗放集聚发展。如何充分发挥西部城市和城镇密集区的先导效应，带动西部地区经济发展，实现西部地区的工业化、城市化、信息化和现代化，是我国西部大开发战略实施当中的战略性课题。本文主要运用经济地理学、区域经济学、城市经济学等学科的基本原理来探讨社会经济活动空间集聚的现象及其理论，并进而分析城镇密集区形成和发展的基本规律。在此基础上，通过对西部城镇密集区发展的实证分析，试图发掘西部城镇密集区发展的内在机制并寻求其未来发展战略。文章首先回顾了自马歇尔以来的经济学派和经济学家们对经济活动在空间上地域集聚现象的不同分析和解释，总结了马歇尔产业区理论、韦伯工业区位论、佩鲁增长极理论以及克鲁格曼新区位论关于空间集聚经济理论的研究成果。在此基础上，重新归纳了空间集聚经济理论的基本规律，认为空间集聚经济本质上是一种外部经济，是由集聚规模经济和集聚范围经济共同作用而形成的一种复合经济。生产要素由于极化效应、扩展效应以及回浪效应等市场效应和政府力量的共同推动而在空间集聚和扩散，其内在动力是对集聚经济效益的追求。但要素的过度集聚或不适当集聚会带来集聚不经济，经济活动的空间集聚就是通过集聚和扩散在不同层次上交错进行而实现的，是集聚效应和扩散效应、集聚经济和集聚不经济共同作用的结果。集聚经济和集聚不经济的交互作用，引起了城市内部空间的不断演变：集聚经济下<WP=4>城市大型化，而集聚不经济下出现城市郊区化和逆城市化，集聚经济效益作用机制促进了城市地域结构的优化。集聚经济效益不仅会引起城市内部空间的变迁，还会进一步引起城市外部空间的运动，即城镇密集区和城市群（带）的形成和发展。城镇密集区、城市群（带）的形成和发展大体上分五个阶段，即农业经济时代、前工业化时代、工业化时代、城市化阶段以及大城市连绵区阶段，现代城镇区域集聚发展的趋势就是都市连绵区。这种趋势为美国、日本等发达国家以及我国沿海经济发达地区大型城市群和都市连绵区的形成和发展所证实，这些地区城市的集聚发展使其成为国家的经济核心地区并具备世界性影响力。在我国西部，虽然城镇化水平不高，但也已初步形成多个城镇密集区或城镇相对密集地区。其中成渝城镇密集区和关中城镇密集区的发展已具有较高水平，尤其是成渝城镇密集区是我国五大城镇密集地区之一，并具有特殊的历史机遇和条件，它的加速发展有着重要意义。其他如黄河上游城镇密集区、北疆铁路沿线城镇带以及南北桂柳城镇带等也在形成当中，它们在西部各省（市）区经济发展中具有支配地位，是西部经济核心地区，它们的发展将是西部现代化发展过程中的重要战略问题。西部大开发不可能整体平行推进，必须以城市及城镇密集区为先导，进行重点开发，进而循序推进，带动区域的整体发展。西部城镇密集区的发展机制包括政府行为机制、资本流向机制以及增长极机制等，由政府制定和实施适宜的西部经济发展战略和政策促进资本向西部城镇密集区的流动以及增长极的形成。而西部城镇密集区的发展战略应该是：充分利用交通轴线的拉动作用，有次序、分步骤的优先发展“两带一区”，促进城镇密集区内产业一体化的形成，并实施人口异地城镇化战略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economic benefits of the spatial agglomeration are the essential cause of the social-economic activities’ agglomeration. The cities’ development is the outcome of the agglomeration of social-economic activities and the elements. And the cities take the roles of actual carriers of the economic activities’ spatial agglomeration. Modern society has a stronger and stronger character of intensiveness. The experience of the developed countries tells us that only if the population and industry strongly agglomerate in space, the efficient ration-use would be maximized and the sustainable development would be realized. And intensive efficiency will be obtained in a wider region when intensive towns & cities areas are developed. Nevertheless, it is a prominent problem in our country that the social-economic activities and their elements are comparatively scattered. As the Western Region is concerned, for one thing, you see the scattered laying-out of the social-economic activities and their elements, and for another thing, you see the wasteful agglomeration of the secondary and the third industries in large cities. Hence, one of the strategic topics of the Western Region Development is, how to give free rein to the heading effect of the cities and intensive towns & cities areas and promote the economic development, then realize the industrialization, urbanization, informatization and modernization in the western region. In this paper, the facts and the theory of the social-economic activities’ agglomeration are discussed by the author using the basic principals of Economic Geography, Regional Economy and Urban Economy, and the basic laws of the intensive towns & cities regions’ forming and developing is summarized. On this basis, the author tries to seek the internal mechanisms of the intensive towns & cities areas in western region and the future development strategy.The paper reviewed and summarized studies on the spatial agglomeration of<WP=6>different economic schools and different economists after Marshall, such as Marshall’s Industrial Region Theory, Weber’s Theory of Location of Industries, Perroux’s Theory of Growth Poles and Krugman’s New Location Theory. Then the author induces the basic laws of the spatial agglomeration theory. He brings forward that the spatial agglomeration economy is external economy in the essence. It is one type of complex economy that contains economy of agglomeration scale and economy of agglomeration scope.Led by the government and driven by the inner impetus of the agglomeration economic benefit, as well as promoted by the market effects as the polarization effect, the spread effect, and the backwash effect, the production elements agglomerate or scatter spatially. But it will result diseconomy of agglomeration if the elements agglomerate excessively or in a wrong way. The mutual effects of the agglomeration economy and the diseconomy of agglomeration cause the evolution of the urban inner spatial structure: At one side, agglomeration economy enlarges the cities; on the other hand, agglomeration diseconomy leads to the Sub-urbanization and Counter-urbanization, the mechanism of agglomeration economy benefit advances the optimization of the urban territorial structure. Furthermore, it causes the evolution of urban external spatial structure, i.e., generation of intensive towns and cities areas and development of urban agglomerations. The development of the intensive towns and cities areas and urban agglomerations has five steps as following, farming economy, pre-industrialization, industrialization, urbanization and metropolitan interlocking region era. The metropolitan interlocking region is the destination of the modern cities’ agglomeration, and this has been conformed by the development of large urban agglomerations and metropolitan interlocking regions in the U.S., Japan and the developed coastal areas in China. And these regions have become the economic core areas in their own countries and even have an over-world affect.In the western region in China, the ur更多还原