【作者】 邱凌；

【导师】 关英伟；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对言外之意产生的言语交际过程中每一环节所出现的语境要素进行考察与分析，揭示出制约和影响言外之意表达和理解过程的语境的本质、构成规律和基本特征。本文由五个部分组成。第一章，引论。这一部分首先界定了言外之意和语境这两个重要概念；其次，笔者就传统修辞学、语法学、现代语用学对言外之意和语境的研究成果进行了综述，并在此基础上提出本论题的研究视角和研究范围，研究视角是：本论题对语境的研究是立足于实现一个完整的言语交际的表达和理解过程所经历的每一个具体步骤或具体环节；最后总结了本论题在选择研究视角和研究结论上的价值和意义。第二章，制约言外之意表达的语境要素分析。这一部分首先提出了构成言外之意表达过程的四个环节：交际意图的产生、话题中心的确定、话题间接引入方式的选择、具体语言形式的确定。并解释说明了诸如内因性话题、情境性话题、回复性话题等几个重要概念。这一部分最重要的是就语境要素对构成表达过程的四个环节所产生的影响和作用进行考察与分析，从而归纳出在言外之意表达过程中，语境要素的结构规律。第三章，制约言外之意的理解过程的语境要素分析。这一部分根据语用学的会话含义理论和合作原则把言外之意的理解过程分为三个环节：理解话语的字面意义；根据是否违反合作原则判断话语是否具有言外之意；对发话人的真实交际意图进行推导，这一部分重点是对以上三个环节的语境要素进行考察与分析，从而归纳出在言外之意理解过程中，语境要素的结构规律。第四章，语境的基本特征。这一部分是在对前两章的考察和分析的基础上以语料例证并归纳出语境的五个基本特征：语境是在言语交际过程中产生的；语境的动态性；语境的整体性，语境的可显映性；语境的可建构性。第五章，结语。是对前四章的归纳与小结，在这一部分中，主要<WP=5>归纳出语境的定义、结构规律和基本特征。同时也提出了需要进一步深入探讨的问题。本文创新之处：在充分认识言外之意的表达和理解过程与语境之间所存在的辩证统一关系的基础上，把语境和言外之意两者相结合研究；本论题研究视角的选择不仅适于全面考察制约言语交际过程中的语境的构成规律和本质特征，也便于对语境作动态分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation aims to reveal the essence, structural laws and essential features of the context which restricts or influences the expression and comprehension of the implicature by studying the contextual elements appearing in every link of the process of verbal communication caused by implicature .It consists of five parts. Part One: Introduction. Firstly, it gives the definition of the implicature and context in the dissertation. Secondly, it carries on synthesis analysis and description on the advanced achievements in the fields of traditional rhetoric, grammar and modern pragmatics. Meanwhile, it puts forwards its exploration perspectives and scopes. That is, it’s rooted in realizing every concrete step in the process of the whole communication and comprehension. Finally, it concludes the value and significance of selecting this perspective and the conclusion of this dissertation.Second Part: It focuses on the contextual elements which limits the expression of the implicature. It puts forward the four steps which composes the expression process of the implicature, That is, the formation of the expression motive, the establishment of the communication topic, the choice of the indirect guiding pattern, the selection of the language form. Meanwhile, it explains the important concept such as internal cause topic, situational topic and retroactive topic and so on. By investigating and analysing contextual elements which have exerted influence on the four links of the expressive process it conclude the structural laws of the contextual elements in the implicature expression press.Third Part: It focuses on the contextual elements which limits the comprehension of the implicature. It divides the comprehension process into three concrete steps on the grounds of theory of conversational implicature and Cooperative Principle. The first step is to comprehend the literal meaning of conversation. The second is to judge whether conversation contains the implicature on the grounds of Cooperative Principle; The third is to infer the speaker’s authentic communicative intension By investigating and analysing the contextual elements which exert some influences on the aboved three steps, it concludes the structural laws of the context in the<WP=7>comprehension process of the implicature.Part four: The essential characters of the context. It induces and concludes five essential characters of the context on the basis of the analysis in Part Two and Part Three. That is, the derivation of the context from the verbal communication process, the unstability of the context, the entirety of the context, the reflection of the context, the reconstruction of the context.Part Five: Conclusion. It draws the conclusion of the definition, structural laws and essential features of the context from the analysis in the aboved four parts. Meamwhile it puts forward some problems which need further study.There are some innovations in this dissertation. Firstly, it prudes into the problem of context by combining context with implicature on the basis of their dialectic and united relations. Secondly, the selective study research perspective in this dissertation is significant not only to synthetically investigate the structural laws and essential characters of context, but also to dynamically analyses the contextual elements in every steps of the communication process.更多还原