【作者】 张俊；

【导师】 徐家云；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 桥梁是线路的咽喉要道。由于结构自然老化、车辆荷载增加、不利环境影响以及养护维修欠缺，一部分桥梁不可避免地要暴露出各种结构损伤和既有桥梁不满足规定功能要求的问题越来越普遍。如果这些技术状况不佳的桥梁得不到及时的维修和加固，不仅会造成整条线路的局部瓶颈，而且还会对通行的车辆造成极大的隐患。因此，桥梁评估作为桥梁维修和加固的依据就显得尤为重要；此外出现了技术状况不佳的桥梁应根据实际情况采取相应的措施，而不能仅仅采取拆除重建的方法，因此加固和其他升级方法是目前比较符合中国国情的桥梁改造措施。 本文分为桥梁静、动力检测、评估及升级改造两个部分。桥梁静力检测分为表观检测和荷载检测。在表观检测中将多层次模糊评价模型和桥梁使用性能等级隶属函数引入《公路技术养护规范》中的桥梁技术状况等级评定中，并对此规范中的桥梁部件缺损状况评定状况进行修正；通过建立因素论域、等级论域以及根据王光远教授提出的利用典型函数形式来建立桥梁使用性能等级隶属函数，通过权重和因素评判矩阵的关系来运算，逐级评判，最终求出桥梁综合评判等级。把模糊评估与现行的桥梁评估规范有机的结合起来。 在静力检测中引入了超安全度γ的概念对桥梁技术状况进行分级，通过桥梁的表观检测和静力检测的γ值比较确定出超安全度γ和相应的技术状况等级。 在动力检测中主要探讨了脉动测试和振型评估。其中脉动测试主要阐述了脉动试验、跑车试验、跳车试验、刹车试验。振型评估是通过划分单元的单元损伤指数来判断所划分单元是否受损。 在升级改造中主要探讨了承载力升级、通航升级、交通流量升级三个因素。其中承载力升级主要针对航道网上的简支梁桥和拱桥(桁架拱桥和双曲拱桥)。简支梁桥做了粘钢法和碳纤维法的加固试验，其他的加固方法供荆州市交通局选择参考；通航升级主要考虑通航等级所要求的净空高度，并结合顶升技术和经济分析。主要研究对象是简支梁桥和单跨拱桥；更多还原

【Abstract】 The bridges are pivotal stronghold of the whole road.It becomes more and more popluar that some existing bridges betray multifarious structure damage and the limitations below the anticipative functions inevitably by reason of structure aging or vehicle load increasing or adverse environment or maintenance deficiency.lt results in not only the local bottleneck of the line and hidden trouble to the passing vehicle if the defective bridges are not duly maintained and reinforced.As a result,the bridge evaluation is specially important to the maintenance and strengthening.Futhermore,we can not demolish and rebuild only but adop corresponding measures according ad temporal condition when the bridges are deemed to have defectiveness.So it accords with the situation of a country that the reinforcement and other upgrade measures aim at the bridge attention.The paper contains two segments:static and dynamic detection,evaluation and alteration.Static monitoring contains apparent and load detection.The model of multi-layer fuzzy evaluation and the bridge using capability grade membership function are used in the appraisal of the bridge technical condition of the highroad criterion technic and maintenance ,and then the data and excel of the bridge compontents.The bridge grade membership function can be deduced from the factor theory domain.grade theory domain and the bridge using capacity grade membership function,then by baseding the connection of weigh and factor judgement matrix and judging gradually,finally the bridge comprehensive evaluation synthetical judging grade will be figured out. The actual bridge evaluation criterion are combined with fuzzy evaluation organically.The technical condition of breges are classified by carving up super safety degree in static detection.The super safety degree and relevant technical condition grade are ascertained by compareing the numerical value of static detection with that of apparent detection.Pulsant test and vibration models dvaluation are discussed in dynamic detection.Pulsant test mainly expounds pulsant experiment,transitting test,bounce test,braking examination.lt is judged by the cell damage index whether carving up cell comes to harm.Three factors of carrying capacity,shippmg,traffic flux are considered among alteration and upgrade.Carrying capacity upgrade aims at simply-supported girder bridge and arc bridge(truss bridge and double arch bridge)of sea-route nets.To navigation,headroom chiefly is required,secondlythe jacking-up technique and economical analysis are given attention to two or morethings.The simply-supported grider bridge and mono-arch bridge are touched upon in navigation upgrade.更多还原