【作者】 袁琳；

【导师】 陈静；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着城市的发展和人口数量的增长，越来越多的高层建筑如雨后春笋般涌现出来，大大缓解城市用地紧张的问题。但是，许多建筑结构都处在地震活动较活跃的地带，随之而来的安全问题逐渐引起人们的关注。因此，减小建筑结构在地震激励下的响应成为当前一个非常重要的研究课题。 结构振动控制是最近十几年发展起来的一门新兴学科，主要研究结构控制的理论、方法和措施。结构振动控制可以分为被动控制、主动控制、半主动控制和混合控制。主动和半主动控制装置能够增强建筑结构在地震和大风作用下的抗振性能，因此研究适合这些装置的控制策略具有重要意义。 预测控制是70年代后期产生的一类新型计算机控制方法，并已在许多过程工业部门得到广泛应用。预测控制以系统响应的预测模型为基础，利用滚动优化和反馈校正的思想，对目标函数进行优化得到最优控制力，使对象输出与期望值之间的偏差达到最小。 本文主要研究高层建筑结构振动控制的结构模型和预测控制算法，首次将预测控制应用到高层建筑结构地震反应控制中，在分析受地震波激励的高层建筑结构模型的运动方程及其状态空间形式方程的基础上，确定预测模型和控制目标函数，建立高层建筑结构预测控制系统，从理论上对预测控制在高层建筑结构振动控制中的应用进行研究。 以MATLAB为仿真工具，对12层高层建筑结构模型在EI-Centro地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应进行仿真，并对结构在无控制和预测控制两种情况下的响应进行比较，结构顶层加速度的最大值和均方根值分别减小50％和47.7％，位移的最大值和均方根值分别减小74.5％和71.9％，减震效果十分明显。本文以大量仿真研究工作为基础，分析控制器的数目、放置位置等因素对结构响应的影响，为仿真方法的改进提供一定的依据。仿真结果表明预测控制是一种简单、有效的控制方法，可以显著地减小高层建筑结构在地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应，为预测控制在实际抗震设计中的应用打下基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, plenty of tall buildings are appeared quickly due to the development of the city and the increment of the population. It mitigates the problem resulting from the lack of the ground. However, many structures are located in the regions of high seismic activities. Public is becoming increasingly concerned about the safety of the structure which could be subjected to severe levels of structural motions induced by extreme event. Therefore, reducing structural response under the earthquake is becoming a very critical issue at present.Structural vibration control is a new subject developing recent several decades. It mainly researches the theory, the method and the application. Structural vibration control includes passive control, active control, semi-active control and hybrid control. This dissertation focuses on the active control, which uses active control device such as active mass damper to enhance the performance of the structures during earthquakes and strong winds. So it is significant to study the control schemes adapting to these devices.Predictive control is a new control method with computer, and has been applied extensively in many sectors of the process industry. It uses the ideas of the receding horizon and the feedback proofread based on the predictive model of the system response to optimize the objective function and gain the optimal control force, which could minimize the difference between the real output and the desired output.This dissertation has studied the structural model and model predictive control (MPC) algorithm that was first implemented for the structural vibration control of the tall building under earthquake excitation. Based on analyzing structural motion equation and the state space form equation of the earthquake-excited structural model of the tall building, predictive model and control objective functions are defined and the MPC system of the tall building is set up.The acceleration and displacement of the structural model under El-Centro earthquake excitation is simulated by MATLAB. The comparison of the response under no control and predictive control is made. The max value and the RMS (Root Mean Square) value of the acceleration of the top floor decrease 50% and 47.7% respectively. The max value and the RMS value of the displacement decrease 74.5% and 71.9% respectively. This dissertation also analyzes the effect on the structural response due to the number and the location of the controller based on the lots of simulation study. The results show that MPC is a simple and effective control scheme. It can greatly reduce seismic response of the tall building. This study has laid foundation for the development of future applicants of MPC in practical anti-seismic design.更多还原