【作者】 刘元坤；

【导师】 李新平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 岩土工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 岩石的力学性质和指标，类同其它材料的力学性质和指标，容易被人们认识和接受；而地应力是蓄存在岩体内部的一种内应力，并不是岩体的一种固有特性，而是岩体中存在的一种力学状态，同类岩体的地应力状态因地而异。所以，岩体的应力状态往往需要通过测量才能确定。另一方面，地应力对于岩石工程建设的重要性日益突出，地应力测量技术的发展日新月异。本人通过理论实践和查阅大量的国内外文献检索，了解了国内外地应力分析研究的发展历史、研究现状以及其发展趋势，对国内地应力研究成果作了简述。 本文较为系统地、全面地介绍了当前国内外通用的各种地应力测量方法的理论、测量原理；特别就国际岩石力学学会试验方法委员会于1987年推荐的4种地应力测定方法(钻孔孔径变形测量法、钻孔孔壁应变测量法、水压致裂法以及测量岩体表面应力的应力恢复测量法)作了较为详细的叙述。并对长江科学院完善的单钻孔中水压致裂法三维地应力测量和CKX-97型空心包体式钻孔三向应变计的三维地应力测量的计算公式作了推导。 通过对水布垭枢纽工程的地应力测试成果和地应力场反分析成果的综合研究，展示了复杂岩体中的应力分布特征。在软硬相间的层状岩体中地应力分布很不均匀，应力大小与岩层硬度具有正相关性，硬岩中的水平应力大于软岩的水平应力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mechanical index or parameters of rock is similar to those of other materials, they are understood and accepted easily. However geostress is one inner stress stored up in rock mass, it isn’ t rock-mass’ inhesion characteristics like mechanical index, but it is a mechanical state in rock masses. The stress state is generally different in similar engineering rock mass but in different space. So the stress field can be determined only by measurement. At other hand, the importance of geostress to rock engineering stands out increasingly. The technology of measuring geostress is developed increasingly too. Through personnel practice experience and relevant international literature study, the geostress development history, research status and develop trend are summarized, the domestic research achievement is also quoted in this report.It is stated systematically in the thesis the method’s theories and measuring principle of all kinds of geostress determination technology. In particular the four methods recommended in 1987 by the committee of test method of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, i.e. two over-coring methods of strain relief in boreholes, hydraulic fracturing method and stress furbish measurement which measures the surface stress. Two methods’ principle of three dimensional stress determination developed from the above four basic ones by Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute are presented, one based on hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic tests on preexistent fractures in single borehole, another one based on CKX-97 hollow package 3 direction strain gauge.Through measurement and data regression analysis at Shuibuya Hydraulic Project, the characteristics of stress field in complex rock mass are also revealed. The stress distribution is far from uniform in this stratified rock, the horizontal stress magnitude in hard rock layers is significantly higher the that in soft layers.更多还原