【作者】 冷鹏；

【导师】 张国荣；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料是纳米技术的基础，由其本身特有的体积效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应、量子隧道效应所展现出的气敏、湿敏、热敏、压敏等功能已在许多领域显示出巨大的应用前景。把纳米材料应用于化学传感器上，将有助于进一步实现信息采集与传输、处理的集成化、智能化，化学传感器的功能得到进一步增强和完善，性能进一步提高，更加灵敏、可靠。 本文首先介绍了20世纪80年代中后期以来纳米材料和化学传感器的研究状况，并对纳米材料在化学传感器上的结合应用进行了综述：1、纳米材料在传感器上的特性主要体现为气敏性、湿敏性、压敏性、热敏性以及高生物活性、高电子传输能力等，可制成灵敏度高、响应迅速、稳定性强、使用寿命长的传感器。2、纳米传感器的产生及应用带来常规技术所不能比拟的优越性，纳米传感器的高分辨率、小体积、极少的样品需求量等性能赋予其全新的使命。目前研制成功的主要是纳米光纤化学传感器，已在化学检测、生物医学等领域得到了应用。3、纳米粒子膜分为厚膜与薄膜。厚膜的制备主要有焙烧法和气相沉积法，薄膜的制备主要包括溅射法、喷雾热分解法、真空蒸发法以及化学沉积法、气相沉积法、溶胶—凝胶法、水解法等。纳米粒子膜应用于化学传感器上有助于难检气体的检测和降低工作温度。 本文首次把纳米Ag₂O修饰到碳糊电极上，并对其电化学性能进行了对比研究。以简单易行的化学方法合成的纳米Ag₂O平均粒径约为40nm，具有高比表面积、高活性、强吸附能力及高催化效率等特性，在一定范围内修饰到碳糊电极上，并试验了不同组成及不同种类底液条件下的电化学性能，实验发现纳米Ag₂O对碳糊电极的电化学性能有明显改善，电极的吸附性增强，传输电荷的能力高，其中含纳米Ag₂O16％、石蜡17％、碳粉67％的修饰电极在0.2M的HNO₃底液中峰形最好、峰电流高、峰面积大，显示出优越的电极性能。 金纳米颗粒由其高催化活性和生物相容性在生物传感器中的应用前景非常广阔。本文用溶胶一凝胶法合成粒径约 10urn的金纳米颗粒，并把金纳米颗粒引入到葡萄糖传感器中，用核微孔膜作载体制成生物活性膜进行研究，分析了电极响应机理和金纳米颗粒对电极电流响应的影响，进行了电极的性能测试。金纳米颗粒具有很好的生物相容性，并且是电的良导体，可在葡萄糖氧化酶的氧化还原中心与电极之间传递电子；金纳米颗粒比表面积大，表面自由能高，葡萄糖氧化酶可在纳米颗粒表面得到强有力的固定，不易从酶膜，上渗漏。实验农明，金纳米颗粒可显著增强电极响应灵敏度，制成的传感器选择性高、稳定性好。 本文用电沉积的方法把纳米金修饰在玻碳电极上，在玻碳电极表面形成一层致密、稳定的膜，利用纳米膜的特殊性质研究了在碱性底液中甲醛的电催化氧化并应用于合成样品的分析。纳米金膜稳定性较强，且对甲醛的氧化有明显的催化作用，传递电子能力强，甲醛在纳米金修饰玻碳电极上的电催化氧化行为比在裸玻碳电极上有了明显改善，其电催化氧化分两步进行，氧化峰明显，电极响应电流较大，电极的电化学性能较好，有望进一步应用于甲醛传感器的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano technology is based on nanodimension materials. Such functions as gas sensibility, humidity sensibility, thermal sensibility, pressure sensibility which are shown by its particular volume effect, surface effect, quanta dimension effect, and quanta tunnel effect have displayed an enormous applying prospect in lots of fields. Nanodimension materials are applied to chemisensor, which will be helpful to integrate and intelligence the gaining, transmitting and managing the information. And chemisensor will become more sensitive and reliable. Its functions will be consummated and capability improved.In this thesis the research on nanodimension materials and chemisensor since the middle and the later period of the 1980s is first introduced. Then the conjoint application of nanodimension materials and chemisensor are summarized: 1. Nanodimension materials are mainly characterized of gas sensibility, humidity sensibility, thennal sensibility, pressure sensibility, high biological activity and high electronic transmitting capability in chemisensor. Therefore, nanodimension materials can be used to made more sensitive, quickly responsive, strongly stable sensor with a long life-span. 2. The production and application of nanosensor brings the incomparable superiority compared with the normal technology. For example, its high differentiation rate, small volume and tiny specimen demand endow it with brand-new mission. So far Nano optical fiber chemisensor has been developed and applied to such fields as chemical determination, bio-medicine. 3. Nano-particle membrane is divided into thick membrane and thin membrane. The thick membrane is prepared mainly by calcinations andgas sediment. The thin membrane is prepared mainly by sputtering, spray-heat-decomposition, vacuum evaporation, chemidepositton., vapor deposition, sol-gel process and hydrolysis. Nano-particle membrane is applied to chemi-sensor, which will be helpful to determine the gas that is detected difficult and lower the working temperature.In this thesis Nano Ag2O is first modified into carbon paste electrode and a contrast on both electrochemical capability is studied. Nano Ag2O, which is synthesized by feasible chemical method, with a 40-nm-long particle diameter, is characterized of high specific surface area, high activity, intense absorbability and high catalytic efficiency. It is modified into carbon paste electrode in certain scope. And its electrochemical capabilities are experimented in conditions with different compositions and different buffer. My experiments show that Nano Ag2O can obviously improve the electrochemical capability of carbon paste electrode and so intensify the electrode’s absorbability, transmit electric charge with a high capability. The modified electrode including 16% Nano Ag2O, 17% paraffin, 67% carbon powder has the best peak form, high peak current, large peak area and displays superior electrode capability in the 0.2M HNO3 buffer.Gold nano-particle is expected to be applied widely to biosensor because of its high catalytic activity and high biological compatibility. My thesis synthesizes the 10-nm-long particle diameter gold nano-particle with sol-gel process, introduces it into dextrose sensor, uses nuclear microporous membrane to produce biological active membrane for research, and then analyzes the electrode’s responsive mechanism, gold nano-particle’s effect to the response of electrode current, and tests the electrode’s capability. Gold nano-particle, the good electric conductor, with an excellent biological compatibility, can transmit electron betweenthe redox center of the glucose oxidase. Gold nano- particle has large specific surface area, high superficial free energy, so glucose oxidase can be forcefully fixed in the surface of nano-particle and cannot leak easily from enzyme membrane. The experiments show that gold nano-particle can obviously intensify the responsive sensitivity of the electrode and so it can be used to produce the sensor with a high selection and good stability.In this thesis n更多还原