社区电能自动抄表系统的研究

【作者】 蔡英华；

【导师】 郭庆胜；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油学院 ， 测试计量技术与仪器， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 自动抄表(Automatic Meter Reading-AMR)是指采用通讯和计算机网络等技术，通过专用设备对表计自动读取和处理表计数据的过程。 随着我国社会经济的发展，居民用电越来越普及，且用电量剧增，传统的人工抄表收取电费的方式，已经不能满足现代化管理的要求。我们根据自动抄表技术和低压电力载波通信技术相结合的技术原理，开发了社区电能自动抄表系统，该系统功能齐全，操作方便，安装简易。 文中，首先介绍了国内外广泛使用的几种典型的自动抄表系统的原理及其系统组成，分析了各种自动抄表系统的优、缺点以及适用范围，探讨了我国自动抄表系统的应用模式。 接下来针对自动抄表系统中的设计原则、结构方式、通讯方式的选择进行了探讨，提出了社区电能表自动抄表系统的结构设想，并具体介绍了系统的软、硬件的配置情况及系统各单元部分的工作原理，同时还给出了系统的硬件组成框图，软件主程序流程图以及系统的通信协议。 在自动抄表系统中，电能表和通讯方式的选择很重要，它直接关系到应用系统的成败，因此在后面的文章里，指出实现基于低压电力载波技术的社区电能自动抄表技术的条件。 对于电表的选择，我们根据遇到的实际问题，设计了简单的感应式电度表脉冲脉冲转换电路模块。该模块工作可靠，成本低，体积小，可方便地置于普通机械电度表中。同时还特别对数据采集、处理和数据通信进行了仔细地分析。 系统选择了低压电力线载波通信网作为社区电能自动抄表系统的底层通信网，这对电力部门来说无疑是最直接最经济的。文章不仅全面地介绍了电力线载波通讯技术的特点、应用及其发展状况，还对目前的电力线载波通讯芯片进行了比较；并通过对低压电网信道特性的分析和研究，抽象出其载波信道模型，在此基础上，提出了将扩频调制和信道编码相结合的传输技术用于低压电力线载波通信，这可以在很大程度上解决电力线的干扰问题，且不必付出高昂的代价。 同时自动抄表系统的能量管理系统也占有不可轻视的作用，它是整kWEW＃＄＠i－＃62＆t ／M4kgB4K＄yRWMK个自动抄表系统数据信息处理的核心部分。文章对数据库结构进行了合理的设计构思，使其具有信息分类明确、层次清晰、查询方便快捷、可扩充性好等特点。 最后，我们作了详细的实施自动抄表系统的效益分析，并根据我国自动抄表新技术的发展趋势，对自动抄表系统的发展作了客观的预测。 随着现代电子技术的发展，通讯技术和计算机网络技术都有了飞速进步，而二者的结合又进一步演化出许多新的通讯方式和通讯系统，为自动抄表系统的实现提供了更多的现实可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Automatic meter reading, namely AMR, is a course of automatically reading and processing ammeter data by specialized facility in which some kinds of technologies are adopted such as communication, computer network and so on.With social economic development electric power is used by dwellers popularly and the amount of electric power is used increasingly. Traditional charge of electric fare by manual labor can’t satisfy the demand for modern management. Thus according to technical principle of jointing Automatic Meter Reading technology with low voltage power line carrier communication technology, we had devised long-distance electric AMRS of residential quarters. The function of AMRS is complete, its operation isconvenient, and its installment is facile.Firstly, in this paper the principles of several typical automatic meter reading systems widely used home and abroad are presented. The merits, shortcomings and scope of applications these automatic meter reading systems are analyzed. The application mode of domestic AMRS is discussed.Secondly the designing principle, modes of structure and selection of communication mode of automatic meter reading system are discussed, the scheme of the electric automatic meter reading system of residential quarters are put forward. And the hardware and software configuration of AMRS is in detail presented and its wok principle of every unit. At the same time the paper provided the communication specification, diagram of hardware and software of the system.Judging from above mentioned, we have well known the selection of ammeter and mode of communication is very important, which is directly related to ups and downs of AMRS. So later the conditions is presented that make the AMRS of residential quarters come true. To selection of ammeter,According to the practical problem during designing the AMRS, thesimple module for pulse processing is presented which is reliable, cheap and small, and it can easily be put into the common mechanical watt-hour meter. Meanwhile the article especially carefully analyzed data gathering, disposal and communications.In this paper, it’s undoubtedly the most immediate and the cheapest for electric power department to adopt low voltage power line carrier communication network as under layer of the electric automatic meter reading system of residential quarters. This paper presented a general systematic view, application and current development of the power line carrier transmission technology, and clearly compared some existing power line carrier communication chip with each other. Then the authors analyze the channel’ s characters of low voltage power line, and formed an abstract carrier channel model. Using this as its basis, a new kind of transmission technology is designed that adopted transmission technology combining the spread spectrum modulation with channel coding, which can solve the problems above mentioned to a certain degree, and need not pay for high cost.The energy management system of AMRS also takes on effects that cannot be sneezed at, and it is the hardcore of disposal of data information in the total system. This design of database structure is reasonable and has the characteristics of clear information classification, distinct arrangement, convenient to look up and easy to expand etc.Finally, benefits from practicing the AMRS are in detail analyzed, and according to trends of new automatic meter reading technology, and then future development of AMRS is predicted.With the development of modern electronic technology, both communication technology and computer network technology are made progress at very fast speed, and their incorporation more evolve some new mode and structure of communication, which provides more feasible possibility for realization of AMRS.更多还原