【作者】 刘璎瑛；

【导师】 丁为民；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 日光温室是具有中国特色、面向广大农民用户的一种新型温室，其中节能型日光温室可以实现冬季不加热生产，已在我国华北、东北南部和西北地区大面积应用推广。温室引入要考虑本地区的气候特点，结合当地气候资源优势对温室结构进行改造，使其更好适应当地生产，如果盲目照搬外地温室结构及配套技术则会引起能源浪费，生产效益低下。 江苏丰县引入山东寿光地区的翼优改进型日光温室，生产中在冬季连阴低温天气时室内作物发生冻害现象。针对这一问题，作者采用试验方法测定温室内外温度、光照、室内地温等环境因子，初步了解当地温室的采光、保温状况。数据分析显示，由于温室薄膜不清洁、灰尘多，透光率下降，使温室阴天的采光性较差，且阴天日间室内地温偏低，影响作物生长；晴天温室夜间保温性比阴天的差，室内最低温度在5℃左右，低于作物生长的下限温度；温室的生产管理较差，通风不及时造成室内日间最高温度超出35℃，远远高出作物生长的上限温度，同时保温被揭盖时间没有统一标准，造成揭盖过早或过晚，影响作物的光合作用和温室的夜间保温性。 根据当地温室状况，结合日光温室保温原理，作者采取了在后墙内侧加PPC保温泡沫板、在温室前屋面底脚挖造防寒沟、选择保温性能强的保温被、确定适宜的保温被揭盖时间、加强生产管理(清洗薄膜、适时通风)等措施。试验表明改进措施效果明显，室内温、光环境有了很大改善，温室晴天透光率提高了20％左右，阴天提高了6％～10％，室内最低温度提高了4～6℃，且室内最高温度不超过28℃，温度变化在作物生长所需范围内。作者根据热平衡及多元回归推导出确定保温被揭盖时间的数学公式，改变了以往根据经验揭盖保温被的状况，给出了具体的揭盖时间，最大限度地增加了作物光照时数，提高了温室夜间保温性能。 为分析当地温室的改进效果及在线确定保温被揭盖时间，作者编制了丰县日光温室小气候模拟程序。该程序采用MatLab6.1编写，主要面向温室生产管理者和技术人员，既可以用来向参观者展示温室的性能，也可以指导管理者进行实际生产。程序主要演示日光温室的保温性、透光性及保温被揭盖时间的计算，采用图形显示，简洁直观，可以根据用户需要输入输出，交互性强。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solar greenhouse is a kind of new-type greenhouse with distinct Chinese characteristics, which is used by the masses of peasant’s users. The energy-saving solar greenhouse can work naturally without heating in winter and has popularized at North, Northwest and Northeast in China. Greenhouse introduction should consider the weather characteristics of local area and combine local weather advantages with the structure of the greenhouse to meet local production. If unsuitable greenhouse structure and relevant technology are introduced blindly, they can cause energy waste and bring low productivity effect.The improving Yiyou type solar greenhouse of Shouguang area in Shandong was introduced totally to the area of Fengxian and brought indoor crops freeze injury in a continuous cloudy weather with low temperature. To resolve this problem, the author determined greenhouse internal and external temperature, illumination, indoor soil temperature, etc. environmental factors via experiment to understand the daylighting and heat preservation of local greenhouses. The data analysis shows light transmittance of membrane drops because of much dust and accordingly the daylighting quality of local greenhouses on cloudy day is relatively bad. The soil temperature indoors is low in the daytime on cloudy day, influencing crops to grow. The heat preservation at fine night is worse than that at the cloudy night. The minimum temperature indoors is about 5℃, lower than the temperature of crops’ growing lower limit. The production management of local greenhouses is relatively bad. Because of unventilating in time, the maximum temperature indoors goes beyond 35℃ in the daytime, far higher than the temperature of crops’ growing upper limit. At the same time cover or take off heat curtain has no unity of standard, too early or too late will influence heat preservation of greenhouse at night and the photosynthesis of the crop.According to the local greenhouses’ current situation and the heat preservation principle of solar greenhouse, the author took measures such as adding PPC foam board to back wall, digging cold-proof ditch, choosing heat curtain with strong warm performance, determining suitable time to cover or take off covering curtain, strengthening productionmanagement, etc. Experiments had been done to verify the result of above measures, indicating that warm and light environment indoors has been improved obviously. The result shows light transmittance of local greenhouses has been improved by about 20% on sunny day and by 6% to 10% on cloudy day. The minimum temperature indoors has been improved by 4~6 癈 and the maximum temperature indoors does not exceed 28 癈. The temperature change is in the crop necessary range. According energy balance and plural return, author derived the math formula to determine suitable time of covering or taking off heat curtain, changing the method used to determine time by experience in the past. Concrete time given by math formula can increase the photosynthesis of the crop furthest and improve heat preservation of greenhouse at night.In order to demonstrate the improvement result of local greenhouses and determine time to cover or take off heat curtain online, the author developed the micro-climate simulation program of solar greenhouse in Fengxian. This program, which is written by MatLab 6.1, mainly facing the production administrator and technician of greenhouse, can be used to not only show the performance of greenhouse to the visitor, but also instruct the administrator to work actually. The program mainly demonstrates heat preservation, daylighting of solar greenhouse and the calculation of covering or taking off heat curtain time. It adopts the graphical display, directly perceived through the senses succinctly. According to the needs of user input and output, the interaction is strong.更多还原