【作者】 陈殿青；

【导师】 陆卫平；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 2001-2002年，在本院采用5个自交系的P²完全双列杂交设计，对糯玉米主要性状（植株与产量性状，子粒性状，淀粉产量和淀粉RVA粘度特征值）作了遗传分析（杂种优势，配合力，遗传参数，遗传相关与通径及遗传控制）。主要结论如下： 1．杂种优势 子粒产量和淀粉产量、穗长、百粒重、粒长、粒宽存在超高亲优势，株高、穗位高、茎粗、棒三叶面积、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、子粒体积和比重、淀粉终值粘度存在超中亲优势。这些性状的超高亲优势或超中亲优势的协同利用是可行的。而淀粉含量、峰值粘度、沉降值、回落值存在超低亲优势。但粒厚、蛋白质和脂肪含量、淀粉谷值粘度、糊化时间、糊化温度不存在杂种优势。 2．配合力 一般配合力（GCA）效应的总秩次，植株与产量性状以P₅的最高，子粒性状以P₃和P₅并列最高，淀粉产量和RVA粘度特征值以P₂最高。特殊配合力（SCA）方差的总秩次，三类性状均以P₃最高。根据本试验亲本的配合力，提出了糯玉米主要性状的亲本选配值得重视的有关方面。 3．遗传参数 株高、穗位高、茎粗、粒厚、脂肪含量、淀粉EVA峰值粘度和谷值粘度主要以基因加性效应为主，可在早代选择；穗行数、行粒数、产量、子粒体积、蛋白质含量、淀粉RVA糊化时间的加性基因效应和非加性效应都有重要作用，扬州大学硕士毕业论文适宜在中代或晚代选择:棒三叶面积、穗长、穗粗、百粒重、淀粉含量、淀粉产量、淀粉RVA终值粘度、沉降值、回落值和糊化温度主要以非加性基因效应为主，适宜在晚代选择。4.遗传相关与通径 产量的构成因素与产量间，百粒重的构成因素与百粒重间，及各自构成因素间，相关性均不达负向显著水平。淀粉含量与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。淀粉RVA峰值粘度、谷值粘度、终值粘度间的相关均为正向，而糊化时间和糊化温度与三者间的相关均为负向。子粒产量、淀粉产量和淀粉RVA终值粘度三者间的的正相关均达到显著或极显著水平。植株性状、产量性状和子粒性状与淀粉孙从粘度性状的相关性较小。 子粒产量和淀粉产量的决定因素均为穗行数、行粒数和百粒重，相对作用大小亦均为:行粒数)百粒重>穗行数。5.遗传控制的简单鉴别 子粒性状（粒长、粒宽、粒厚、体积、比重、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量）和淀粉RVA粘度性状（峰值粘度、谷值粘度、终值粘度、沉降值、回落值、糊化时间、糊化温度）主要受母体基因型控制，而终值粘度还存在显著的胚乳效应，同时各性状均存在细胞质效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2001-2002, the whole p2 diallel design of 5 inbreds was adopted in genetic analysis (heterosis, combing ability, genetic parameters, genetic correlation and path, genetic control) of main traits (plant and yield traits, seed traits, starch yield and RVA traits) in waxy com. Main conclusions included:1. HeterosisOver-HP heterosis was found in kernel and starch yield, ear length, 100-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width; over-MP heterosis in plant height, ear-position height, stem diameter, ear-3-leaf area, ear diameter, ear row number, row kernel number, kernel volume and density, and starch Final Viscosity (FV); and over-LP in starch content, starch Peak Viscosity (PV), Breakdown, and Setback. No heterosis was found in kernel height, protein and oil content, starch Trough Viscosity (TV), Peak Time, and Pasting Temperature.2. Combining abilityPS had the highest total ranks of GCA effect in plant and yield traits, P3 and PS simultaneously in kernel traits, and P2 in starch yield and RVA traits. P3 had the highest total ranks of SCA variance in 3 main types of traits. Furthermore, related proposals worthy of attaching importance to were posed on parent-select of main traits in waxy corn.3. Genetic parameterAdditive effect was main factor of genetic variance for plant height, ear-position height, stem diameter, kernel height, oil content, PV and TV, which should be selected in early generations. Both additive and non-additive effects were almost equally important factors of genetic variance for ear row number, row kernel number, kernel yield, kernel volume, protein content, and Peak Time, which should be selected in medial or late generations. Non-additive effect was main factor of geneticvariance for ear-3-leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight, starch content, starch yield, FV, breakdown, Setback, and Pasting temperature, which should be selected in late generations.4. Genetic correlation and pathNo negative significant correlation existed between yield and its components, between 100-kernel weight and its components, and among their respective components. Negative significant correlation was found between starch content and protein content. Positive correlation was found among PV, FV and TV, while negative correlation exited between all of them and PeakTime and Pasting Temperature. Positive correlation significant at 0.05 or 0.01 level was found among kernel yield, starch yield, and FV. No significant correlation was found between starch viscosity traits and all of plant and yields traits, kernel traits. Ear row number, row kernel number, and 100-kernel weight were principal traits responsible for both kernel and starch yield, and their importance was row kernel number > 100-kernel weight >ear row number.5. Simple identification of genetic controlThe genetic expression of kernel traits (kernel length, kernel width, kernel height, starch content, protein content, oil content) and starch RVA traits (PV, TV, FV, Breakdown, Setback, Peak Time, Pasting Temperature) were controlled by the maternal plant genotypes, but that of FV was also significantly under the endosperm genotypes control. Cytoplasm effect was tested in all of kernel traits and starch RVA traits..更多还原