【作者】 陈德辉；

【导师】 黄祖六； 许如根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验通过对国内外145份大麦资源模拟湿害处理(分别在三叶一心期、冬前分蘖期和拔节孕穗期淹水15天、10天和10天)，以大麦各个性状的平均数和耐湿指数为基础，分析了大麦农艺性状(株高、主茎穗长、主茎穗粒数、穗下节间长、主茎绿叶数、单株穗数、单株穗粒数、单株干物重、单株粒重)和光合性状(苗期叶绿素CHL1、拔节孕穗期叶绿素CHL2)对湿害的反应，结果表明： 1、湿害对不同性状、类型、地理来源的大麦影响程度不同：①湿害对大麦不同性状的抑制作用程度存在差异：产量性状＞株型性状＞主茎穗性状；拔节孕穗期叶绿素含量＞苗期叶绿素含量。②湿害对多棱大麦主茎穗粒数、主茎穗长、叶绿素(CHL2)影响程度大于二棱大麦，而对绿叶数的影响则反之，其余各性状影响程度相近；湿害对裸大麦的单株粒重、单株干物重的影响程度大于皮大麦。③长江中下游地区大麦的耐湿性好于其他地区的大麦品种，大麦耐湿种质资源分布具有农业生态区域化特性。 2、大麦性状的耐湿性可归纳为4个公共因子：即产量因子、主茎穗因子、株型因子和光合因子；产量因子与株型因子、主茎穗因子之间存在显著的典范相关关系。 3、不同大麦性状耐湿性的遗传潜势不同，主茎绿叶数、主茎穗长、株粒重的耐湿性的遗传力较高，株粒数、株穗数的遗传力较低；产量性状、主茎绿叶数的遗传变异系数(GCV)较大，株高、叶绿素(CHL2)的GCV最低。 4．大麦性状耐湿指数之间的相关显著性不同：①大麦产量性状的耐湿指数之间均呈极显著正相关。②大麦的株高与产量性状的耐湿指数间一般为显著或极显著的正相关，且产量性状、株高的耐湿指数在品种间存在显著或极显著差异。③单株穗数、株高可作为大麦耐湿性鉴定的简易的形态指标。 5、对大麦耐湿性比较研究的几种统计方法中，离差平方和法和隶属函数法对大麦进行耐湿性评价、分类较好。 6、试验鉴定大麦品种的耐湿性，对大麦种质的耐湿性进行了分类:①筛选了34个耐湿性较好的种质资源，其中有扬啤1号等新品种、盐95 168等新品系;嵘县红茎四棱大麦、5096等12个带有优异性状的种质资源。②中度耐湿大麦65个，其中有扬农啤2号、大中88一91等新品种以及优质啤麦KA一4B;义乌红壳四棱大麦、浙农大3号等9个带有优异性状的种质资源。③鉴定出紫青棵、Hiproly等对湿害敏感的品种犯个。更多还原

【Abstract】 145 barley varieties (lines) were waterlogged during early tillering stage(15 days),late tillering stage(lOdays) and booting stage(10 days). The responses of both agronomic traits and photosynthesis traits to waterlogging were analysed. Results showed that:1.Different traits, ecotype and origin had different responses to waterlogging. Yield characters were the most sensitive followed by plant type, ear characters of the main stem. Chlorophyll content at booting stage (CHL2) was more sensitive than chlorophyll content at seedling stage (CHL1). 6-row barley showed to be more sensitive than 2-row barley in some traits such as grains and ear length of the main stem while contrary results were observed in the number of green leaves of the main stem at booting stage. Mulled barley showed better tolerance than naked barley in grains per plant and dry weight per plant. Barley varieties from the middle and lower Yangtse River valley zone were more tolerant to waterlogging than these from other areas in China.2.Waterlogging-tolerance of barley could be expressed by 4 common factors, i.e. yield, plant type, ear characters of the main stem and photosynthesis. There were significant canonical correlations between yield factor and other three factors.3.Different traits had different genetic potential. The number of green leaves and ear length of the main stem and yield per plant had higher heritability while the heritability of grains per plant and ears per plant was relatively low. The genetic coefficients of variation of yield characters and the number of green leaves were higher than that of plant height and CHL2.4.There were significant correlations among waterlogging-tolerance indices of yield characters. Varieties showed significant differences in waterlogging-tolerance indices of both plant height and yield characters. Plant height had significant correlations with all the yield characters. Both ears per plant and plant height could be used as an index in selecting barely waterlogging-tolerance.5.Ward’s method and subfunction method were suitable for the evaluation or classification of waterlogging-tolerance of barley germplasm.6.Thirty four varieties (lines) had shown high waterlogging-tolerance, these included new cultivar Yangpi 1, new lines Yan95168 et al. 12 varieties (i.e. Shengxianhongjingsileng and S096 et al) had good quality or disease resistance. Sixty five varieties (lines) showed medium waterlogging-tolerance with 9 varieties having good quality or disease resistance. These included Yivvuhongkesileng. Zhenongda 3, Yangnongpi 2 and K.A-4B. Thirty two varieties (lines), such as Ziqingke and Hiproly, were very susceptible to waterlogging.更多还原