【作者】 袁书林；

【导师】 经荣斌；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 选取胎次、日龄、体重相近的长白ד苏黑”生长育肥猪60头，公母各半，随机分为6个组，每组2个重复，采取纯中草药制剂、中草药VE合剂、抗生素三种不同添加剂和全植物性日粮、含鱼粉日粮两种不同日粮类型，进行饲养试验和屠宰测定，并对肌肉食用品质、肌肉营养成分、肌肉脂肪酸含量、背部脂肪品质、血液生化指标等进行测定分析。结果表明： 1．在生长育肥猪日粮中添加纯中草药制剂、中草药VE合剂、抗生素三种不同添加剂： （1）在生长性能及胴体品质方面，当体重70kg左右时，纯中草药制剂组体重已显著大于抗生素组（p＜0.05），到100kg左右屠宰时，纯中草药制剂组极显著大于抗生素组（p＜0.01）、显著大于中草药VE合剂组（p＜0.05），但中草药VE合剂组、抗生素组之间差异不显著；胴体重纯中草药制剂组极显著大于抗生素组（p＜0.01），但中草药VE合剂组与纯中草药制剂组、抗生素组之间差异均不显著；背膘厚纯中草药制剂组、中草药VE合剂组均显著低于抗生素组（p＜0.05），但纯中草药制剂组、中草药VE合剂组之间不显著；纯中草药制剂、中草药VE合剂两组眼肌面积和瘦肉率均极显著大于抗生素组（p＜0.01）；ADG纯中草药制剂组与中草药VE合剂组、抗生素组差异均极显著（p＜0.01），但中草药VE合剂组、抗生素组之间差异不显著；屠宰率各组之间无差异。说明在生长育肥猪饲料中添纯中草药制剂，在提高猪的生长速度、饲料利用率和胴体品质方面显著优于抗生素，中草药VE合剂则能起到与抗生素等同的促生长效果。 （2）在肌肉食用品质方面，中草药VE合剂组pH₁极显著高于纯中草药制剂组和抗生素组（p＜0.01），pH₂₄各组间无显著差异（p＞0.05）；肉色评分及肉色（OD值）各组间差异不显著；失水率、滴水损失各组间均两两达到极显著水平（p＜0.01）；嫩度剪切力以抗生素组极显著大于纯中草药制剂组和中草药VE合剂组（p＜0.01）；纯中草药制剂组和中草药VE合剂组大理石纹较为丰富且均匀，与抗生素组相比差异极显著。说明纯中草药制剂、中草药VE合剂均能显著改善猪的肌肉食用品质，其中中草药VE合剂具有更为理想的效果。扬州大学硕士学位论文 （3）在肌肉养分含t方面，除水分抗生素组极显著高于纯中草药制剂组和中草药VE合剂组，粗脂肪中草药vE合剂组显著高于纯中草药制剂组、极显著高于抗生素组外，其余各项指标均无显著差异。说明两种中草药添加剂特别是中草药VE合剂能降低肌肉水分含量、增加肌肉脂肪含量。 （4）在背部脂肪品质方面，酸价和氧化值在三种添加剂间两两达极显著水平（p<0. 01）;过氧化值抗生素组极显著大于纯中草药制剂组和中草药vE合剂组（P<0.ol），纯中草药制剂组显著大于中草药VE合剂组组（p<0 .05）;三组间碘价、皂化价无显著差异。说明纯中草药制剂、中草药VE合剂均能显著改善猪的背部脂肪品质。 （5）在肌肉脂肪酸组成方面，肉豆范酸（14:0）、花生酸（2O:0）纯中草药制剂组显著低于抗生素组（p<0 .05），硬脂酸（18:0）纯中草药制剂组显著高于抗生素组（p<0 .05），说明不同添加剂的使用，改变了猪肌肉饱和脂肪酸的相对含t:必猫脂肪酸（EPA）纯中草药制剂组、中草药VE合剂组均显著高于抗生素组（p<0 .05），说明纯中草药制剂和中草药VE合剂的使用，.提高了猪肌肉中EFA的含量。 （6）在血液生化指标方面，前期（7Okg左右）白蛋白抗生素组显著低于中草药VB合剂组（p<0.05），极显著低于纯中草药制剂组（p<0 .01）;谷丙转氨酶纯中草药制剂组极显著高于中草药vE合剂组和抗生素组（p<0.01）;胆固醇抗生素组极显著高于纯中草药制剂组和中草药vE合剂组（p<0 .01）;总胆红素抗生素组显著高于纯中草药制剂组组和中草药vE合剂组（p<0.05）;其余指标（总蛋白、血糖、谷草转氮酶、碱性磷酸酶、淀粉酶、肌醉）各组间均无显著差异.后期（10okg左右时）血液中胆固醉、总胆红素抗生素组极显著高于纯中草药制剂组和中草药VE合剂组（P<o.01）;各草转氨酶纯中草药制剂组显著低于中草药vE合剂组（p<0.05）。白蛋白、淀粉酶抗生素组显著或极显著低于纯中草药制剂组和中草药vE合剂组;总蛋白、血糖、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、肌醉三组间均无显著差异（p>0 .05）。 2.采用全植物性日粮和含鱼粉日粮两种日粮类型: （1）猪宰前活重、胭体重、背膘厚、眼肌面积、屠宰率、ADG、饲料转化率，肌肉PH，、p踢、肉色、失水率、滴水损失、嫩度、大理石纹，肌肉水分、CP、粗脂肪、灰分、ca、P，背部脂肪酸价、皂化价、暇化值、过氧化值，血液总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、谷丙转氮酶、谷草转氨酶、肌醉、总胆红素等指标均无显著差异 （P>0 .05）。 （2）采取植物性饲粮可以显著增加背部脂肪饱和度，并能显著提高肌肉饱和脂肪酸和EFA含量，并且有降低血液胆固醉含t的趋势。 （3）应用全植物性饲粮具有较好的经济效益（经济效益提高12.58%）。 由此可见，采取全植物性日粮、应用中草药饲料添加剂替代抗生素，能提高猪的生产性能、.降低生产成本、改善肉脂品质，可以成为生产绿色无公害优质猪肉的一种技术手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of three different additives and two different diet categories on the productivity and meat quality of growing and finishing pigs in order to find a proper way to produce more healthy and safety pork. Sixty growing and finishing pigs(Landrace X Blacksu) were assigned into six groups with each group of two replicate pens, Three feed additives (pure Chinese herb group; Chinese herb and VE compound group; antibiotics group) were added into two basic diet (full botanic diet group; fish meal included diet group). After 103-days’ feeding, all pigs were slaughtered and some of their back meat and fat was taken back as sample. Then all of these pigs’ growth performance, carcass trait, meat quality, nutrients and fatty acids in muscle, back fat quality and biochemical index of blood were tested and analyzed.Results were as reported below: 1. Among three additives:(l)When the pigs’ weight were about 70Kg, body weight of pure Chinese herb group was significantly higher than that of antibiotics group(p<0.05), and when they grew into about l00Kg, the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01), the body weight of pure Chinese herb group was also significantly higher than Chinese herb and VE compound group(P<0.05), but no significant difference between Chinese herb and VE compound group and antibiotics group. Carcass weight of pure Chinese herb group was extremely significantly higher than that of antibiotics group, but no significant difference between Chinese herb and VE compound group and pure Chinese herb group or antibiotics group. Back-fat depth of pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group were significantly thinner than antibiotics group, but no significant difference between pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group. Lean meat percentage and loin eyes area of pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group were extremely significantly bigger than antibiotics group (P<0.01). ADO of pure Chinese herb group was significantly greater than Chinese herb and VE compound group and antibiotics group, but no significant difference between Chineseherb and VE compound group and pure Chinese herb group. The ratios of carcass were not significant among three groups. The results indicated that two Chinese herb additives especially pure Chinese herb additives could improve pigs growth performance and carcass quality.(2) As to meat quality, pH1 of Chinese herb and VE compound group was extremely significantly higher than that of pure Chinese herb group or antibiotics group (P<0.01). pH24 of three groups was not significantly different, and so did meat color, water loss was extremely significantly different between every two groups. Shear force of pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group were smaller than that of antibiotics group. Marble veins of pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group were more abundant and more homogeneous than those of antibiotics group(P<0.01). The results indicated that pure Chinese herb additives and Chinese herb and VE compound additives could improve the eating quality of pork especially Chinese herb and VE compound additives,(3)As to nutrients in muscle, no significant difference has been found, except that moisture of antibiotics group are extremely higher than that of pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group and EE of Chinese herb and VE compound group were significantly higher than pure Chinese herb group and extremely higher than antibiotics group.(4)As to back-fat quality, the index of acid number and oxide number were extremely significantly different between either groups(P<0.01). Hyperoxide number of antibiotics group was significantly higher than pure Chinese herb group and Chinese herb and VE compound group , and that of pure Chinese herb group was significantly than Chinese herb and VE compound group. No significant difference has been found on iodine number and koettstorfer number among three groups. T更多还原