【作者】 刘莉；

【导师】 陈国宏； 张学余；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以泰和乌骨鸡为研究对象，采用改进的外周血淋巴细胞培养—空气干燥法制备染色体标本片，通过染色体常规核型、G-带、C-带及银染带(Ag-NORs)分析，从细胞遗传学的角度反映了泰和乌骨鸡的种质特性，同时分析了泰和乌骨鸡核型、G-带及Ag-NORs与体重、体尺、屠宰性能及产蛋性能的相关性。结果表明： 1、进一步改进完善了鸡外周血淋巴细胞培养—空气干燥法，成功制备了具有大量中期或早中期染色体分裂相的泰和乌骨鸡染色体标本片，为家鸡细胞遗传学研究提供了有效的手段。 2、泰和乌骨鸡体细胞染色体数目2n=78，染色体基本臂数NF=90，前10对为大型染色体(Macrochromosome)，后29对为微小染色体(Microchromosome)，性染色体为ZZ(♂)/ZW(♀)型，根据前10对染色体相对长度、臂比值及着丝粒指数的测量结果，各染色体的形态为：1、9号染色体及Z、W性染色体为中央着丝粒(m)染色体，2、4、7号染色体为亚中央着丝粒(sm)染色体，3、6、8、10号染色体为端着丝粒(t)染色体。 3、详细描述了泰和乌骨鸡早中期染色体G-带带型特征。与前人研究报道的结果存在细微差别：在2号染色体上，泰和乌骨鸡染色体短臂上比傅金恋所报道的略阻鸡相应部位多2条较窄深带，长臂上则多1条窄带；在9号染色体短臂上，泰和乌骨鸡比略阳鸡多1条深带，而在长臂上泰和乌骨鸡则比略阳鸡多2条窄带。 4、泰和乌骨鸡Ag-NORs定位于1号、2号常染色体短臂和Z性染色体短臂端部；Ag-NORs数目分布范围为1～6；平均每个细胞的Ag-NORs数在泰和乌骨鸡公、母鸡中分别为2.94和2.96；泰和乌骨鸡不同个体间以及同一个体的不同细胞间Ag-NORs数目存在差异和多态性。 5、绘制了泰和乌骨鸡常规核型模式图和G-带带型模式图。将前10对染色体扬州大学硕士学位论文G一带模式图划分为29个区，190条深浅带，更直观地反映了泰和乌骨鸡的核型与G一带带型特征。 6、泰和乌骨鸡染色体经C分带处理，所有母鸡分裂相中W性染色体都出现C一带并整条深染，易于识别，这进一步证实了C一带分析可以作为禽类性别鉴定的一种有效的方法。 7、首次分析了泰和乌骨鸡核型、G一带和Ag一NORS带型与体重、体尺、屠宰性能及产蛋性能的相关性，统计结果显示:泰和乌骨鸡前10对染色体的核型参数与部分生产性状存在显著或极显著相关，其中第4号染色体与部分生产性状高度相关，很有可能成为我国地方鸡种品种保存、开发与利用的一项新的细胞遗传标记;G一带、Ag~NORS与体重、休尺、屠宰性能及产蛋性能经分组分析发现，泰和乌骨鸡体重、体尺、屠宰性能及产蛋性能随着G一带众数频率和Ag一ORs均数的升高而明显呈上升趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Incubating the Taihe Silkies ’ peripheral blood ,made the chromosome slides,showed up the germplasm characteristics by analyzing the karyotype,G-band,C-band,Ag-NORs and the correlations between karyotype,G-band,Ag-NORs and the performances in Taihe Silkies.1. Succeeding in sliding shows the refined peripheral blood lymphocyte culture-drying naturally is an effective approach for chicken cytogenetic study.2.The diploid chromosomal number of Taihe Silkies is 2n=78,and the basic number of chromosome arms is NF=90.These chromosomes consist of 10 pairs of macrochromosomes and 29 pairs of microchromosomes,and the sex chromosome type is ZZ/ZW. According to the measured relative lengths,arm ratio and centromeric index , the first 10 pairs of chromosomes are described as follow:NO. 1 , 9 and Z,W chromosomes are metacentrics,NO. 2,4,7 are submetacentrics,and pair 3,6,8,10 are telocentrics.3. The characteristics of G-band in the Taihe silkies’ prometaphase configuration are described in detail.Compared with LueYang chicken, there are some differences in NO. 2and 9 chromosomes:There are 2 more dark bands in the short arms and 1 more dark band in the long arms in No. 2,and Imore dark band in the short arm ,2 more dark bands in the long arm in NO.9 in Taihe silkies’ chromosomes than in LueYang chicken.4.Ag-NORs are located in the short arms’ telomere of NO. 1,2 euchromosomes and Z sex chromosome in Taihe silkies and the mean value per cell of male and female is 2.94 and 2.96 respectively.lt ’s evident that there are differences and polymorphism in the number of Ag-NORs between different individuals and between different cells of the same individual.The result could be used in exploring the origin and evolution of our country’s native chicken breeds and analyzing the relationship among the breeds.5.The model maps of routine karyotype and G-band of Taihe silkies are made.In the G-band model map,the first ten pair chromosomes are divided into 29 zones and 190 bands .This shows the characteristics of Taihe silkies karyotype and G-band more distinctly,which may be the convincing reference basis for the sudying of chromosome aberration and gene maping.6.Being treated by C-banding technique,a totally dark-stained and easily indentified W-chromosome always shows up in the female metaphase configuration,but doesn’ t show up in the male.lt proves furtherly that C-banding technique is an effitive approach in chicken sex indentification.7.Analyzed the correlation between Taihe silkies’ karyotype,G-band,Ag-NORs and the performances firstly in our country.The results are as follow:The karyotype parametrics of the first ten chromosome have a significant or a highly significant correlationship with part of productive traits.NO.4 chromsome has a close correlation with many productive traits. ,which may be a new cytogenetic marker trait for the preserving, exploiting and using of our country’ s native chicken breeds ;There are two distinctive tendencies:The higher the G-banding frequency is,the better the performances are,and the more the number of Ag-NORs is,the better the performances are in Taihe silkies.更多还原