【作者】 许天全；

【导师】 彭抒昂；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 果树学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 华中地区地处中华腹地，为我国东西地势与南北气候的过渡地带，区内山原起伏、沟谷纵横、地形复杂、气候多变、雨量充沛、土壤肥沃。过渡性的地理特点、气候特征以及在它们共同作用下所形成的特殊生态环境，使得这里成为我国植物种类分布最为丰富的地区之一。据统计，华中地区仅种子植物就多达6000余种，约占中国种子植物区系总数的四分之一。 在华中地区分布的6000多种种子植物中，包含有大量的野生果树资源。其中自然分布的野生果树有50科99属741种(含2亚种、138变种和4变型等种下等级，下同)，包括裸子植物6科7属25种(含6变种)；单子叶植物1科1属1种；双子叶植物43科91属715种(含2亚种、132变种和4变型)。华中地区的野生果树科属数量分别约为全国野生果树科属总数的67％和56％。 野生果树种类分布较多的科主要有14科，包括：胡桃科(3属13种1变种)、壳斗科(5属38种5变种)、木通科(5属12种1亚种1变种)、五味子科(2属15种1变种)、桑科(5属18种10变种)、茶藨子科(1属22种5变种)、蔷薇科(17属214种44变种2变型)、芸香科(7属35种10变种)、山茶科(1属28种)、猕猴桃科(1属25种17变种2变型)、胡颓子科(1属19种1亚种3变种)、杜鹃花科(1属14种3变种)、葡萄科(2属22种5变种)、柿树科(1属11种3变种)、山茱萸科(3属17种7变种)等。 从上述数据可以看出华中地区野生果树物种数量和资源类型是十珍丰富的。在这些果树资源中，既有很多的人类可以直接食用的种类，又包含一些经技术加工后能制成各种食品或食品添加剂的果树;还蕴藏誉较多的可以用于果树品种改良遗传育种材料。可见，华中地区的野生裂树开发潜力很大。但长期以来，华中地区的野生果树资源却未得到有改的开发利用，许多野生果树种类处在一种自生自灭的状态。这主要是扫于野生果树存在资源分散、果实较小、保鲜困难、加工性能差、难以衫成规模或难以形成高产等客观原因，造成了人们对野生果树关注不够币少有开发。针对这些问题，本文提出了选育新型果树品种、营造多重改益果树林、大规模发展果树产业、建立华中特色果树区、大力兴办果洁加工产业的构想。以求探索野生果树资源开发的一些新途径;使华中也区的果树资源得到综合利用，变资源优势为产品优势、产业优势，最冬成为经济优势。为促进该地区农业产业结构调整、发展有特色的区域圣济提供科学依据。同时，文章还论述了华中地区野生果树资源的保护习题，旨在引起人们对濒危野生果树的关爱，使这些珍稀果树种质资源指够得到妥善保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 The middle region of China is usually called as Central China, which is consisted of Hubei Province, Chongqing City and the other provinces’ partial districts, such as the northern Hunan and southern henan, northeastern Guizhou and Sichuan, northwestern Jiangxi, southeastern Shanxi and western Anhui . The geographic coordiates of the region are 107°-117°E. and 26.5°-34°N. ; And its total area is approximate 750 000 square kilometers.As a transition area from the eastern plains and hills to the western plateaus and mountains; and a transition zone between the southern sub-tropical and the northern warm temperate zone in China, Central China has a varied topography, a complex climates ; it is rich in rainfall and fertile in soil. So many of these ecological elements make the region become one of the most plenty and diverse plant distribution regions in China. More than 6 000 species spermatophytes are distributed in theregion, which contains 597 species, 2 subspecies, 138 varieties and 4 formations of wild fruit and nut trees that belong to 99 genera and 50 families ( Cronquist A : An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants). The main families are Juglandaceae ( 3 genera and 14 species.), Fagaceae (5 g., 43 sp.), Moraceae (5 g., 28 sp.), Lardizabalaceae (5 g., 14 sp.), Schisandraceae ( 2 g., 16 sp.), Grossulariaceae ( 1 g., 27 sp.), Rosaceae (17 g., 260 sp.), Rutaceae (7 g., 45 sp.), Vitaceae ( 2 g., 27 sp.), Actinidiaceae ( 1 g., 44 sp.), Theacaeae(1 g. 28 sp.), Elaeagnaceae ( 1 g., 23 sp.), Cornaceae ( 2 g.,14 sp.), Ericaceae ( 1 g.,17 sp.), Ebenaceae ( 1 g.,14 sp.) and so on.Some of the wild fruit and nut trees would be used as germplasm resources and genetic materials for breeding. And most of their fruits would be used to make oils, foods, drinks, pigments and medicines etc., so in the paper the author suggests that so much of these good resources should be still further developed and comprehensively utilized, and puts forward some proposals, such as to select fine varieties from wild fruit and nut trees, to cultivate multiple benefit fruit and nut forest, to build up a characteristic fruit and nut trees zone, and to enlarge wild fruit processing fields . The Conservation of the rare and endangered fruit and net species is also emphasised in the paper.更多还原