【作者】 杨文祥；

【导师】 周诗其；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 基础兽医学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 7日龄健康麻鸭166只随机分成两组：试验组100只，对照组66只。试验组经右腿部肌肉注射新型鸭肝炎病毒鸭肝匀浆0.2ml／只，复制新型鸭病毒性肝炎病理模型。对所建立的病理模型进行临床症状观察、病理组织学检查，同时在接种后12h、24h、48h、96h、168h、336h、504h和672h测定感染后血清生化指标，运用淋巴细胞-酸性非特异性酯酶组织化学染色法(ANAE)、白细胞分类计数等方法对所建立的病理模型进行动态研究。 人工感染后其临床症状为：接种后12-24h，精神沉郁、缩颈弓背，出现划水样姿势，随后开始出现死亡，死后呈典型的角弓反张姿势。雏鸭死亡高峰为接种后48-72h，死亡率为41％。死亡鸭剖检可见：肝显著肿大、出血；脾肿大，表面呈红白相间的斑驳状；肾脏肿大，淤血，尿酸盐沉积；法氏囊肿大。其他脏器无明显眼观变化。 剖杀鸭组织学检查结果显示：肝脏：接种后24h，肝细胞发生肿胀，水泡变性，48h后出现脂肪变性及局灶性出血，96h后呈现严重的气球样变，直至672h仍有轻度空泡样变和小胆管增生；脾脏：接种后48h，脾小体外围淋巴细胞数目明显减少，网状细胞增生；肾脏：接种后24h至96h，近曲小管上皮细胞核固缩，胞浆内出现大小不一的空泡；胰脏：接种后48-96h，表现为局灶性脂肪变性；法氏囊：接种后48h，淋巴小结髓质部淋巴细胞数目明显减少。 透射电镜对肝、脑、肾、胰四种组织超微结构观察表明：肝脏接种12h后肝糖原溶解，胞浆内细胞器溶解至消失，细胞核固缩；发生神经症状后剖杀雏鸭表现在肝细胞广泛严重的脂肪变性及坏死，胞浆内细胞器溶解至消失；脾脏内淋巴细胞肿胀，坏死(核固缩、核溶解)，胞核和胞浆内细胞器溶解甚至消失；大脑主要表现为神经细胞核固缩或核溶解；胰脏主要表现在胰腺细胞胞浆内线粒体肿胀，空泡样变，内质网极度扩张，胞浆内脂质样物质聚集。 血清生化指标测定结果表明：雏鸭感染新型DHV后，GOT和GPT活性升高，并在接种后96h达到最高值；TP和ALB含量降低，并于接种后96h降至最低值；UA含量在接种后168h下降；ChE、CRE在感染后无明显变化。华中农业大学硕士学位论文 试验组血液中ANAE十淋巴细胞比例(%)从接种后48h开始持续阳氏，直到接种后504h恢复正常。白细胞分类计数结果表明:异嗜性白细胞比例降低，淋巴细胞和单核细胞比例升高。嗜酸性和嗜碱性白细胞比例在感染后无明显变化。 由此作者认为，新型鸭病毒性肝炎在组织病理学变化上和I型鸭病毒幽干炎存在不同之处，新型DHV引起的肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊及脑等组织的病变较I型DHV明显。病毒对脑组织的直接损伤可能是使雏鸭出现神经症状的原因之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 166,7-days old healthy ducklings were divided randomly into 2 groups, 100 for the tested group and 66 for the control group. The pathological model of New Duck Viral Hepatitis (NDVH) was duplicated through inoculating New Duck Hepatitis Vims (NDHV) intramuscularly. Observations of clinic symptoms, pathological changes of optical microscope and transmissional electron microscope were carried out on the ducklings, also, the serum biochemical value was determined 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 168 h, 336 h, 504 h and 672 h post inoculation, lymphocyteAcid- a -naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) histo-chemical staining method, determination ofdifferent leukocytes were used to study the pathological model.The results showed mat: infected ducklings began to appear nerve symptoms such as inappetence, ataxia and kicking spasmodically with both legs 12-24 h post inoculation, and then died with their heads drawn back and their leg stretched The fastigium of death was the period 48-72 h post inoculation, and the mortality was 41%. The results of postmortem examinations showed that: swelling and hemorrhage appeared in liver, spleen had a change of swelling and appeared white and red in the surface; swelling and congestion in kidney, uric acid salt deposit in some ducklings; white focus in the surface of pancreas with the shape of pinpoint could be seen in some ducklings.The results of H.E. staining showed mat the major lesions of liver appeared hemonhagic and necrotic changes, which changed from hydropic degeneration 24 h post inoculation, to fatty degeneration and focal hemorrhage 48 h later; men to severe ballooning degeneration after 96 h, lightly hydropic degeneration and bill canaliculi hyperplasia could be seen even 672 h (4 weeks) post inoculation; the pathological changes of spleen appeared majorly after inoculating for 48 h, which appeared that the number of lymphocyte surround the white pulp reduced sharply, and that the appearance of foam cell when the reticular cell phagocytized lipidic material; focal hemorrhage occurred in the renal tubular epithelium 48 h post inoculation, and then 96 h,karyopyknosis in the proximal tubule and different size vesicles in the cytoplasm could be found; the lesion of pancreasappeared mostly after inoculating for 48-96 h, which appeared focal fatty degeneration; number of lymphocyte in the medulla of bursa of Fabricuis reduced sharply after inoculating for 48 h.The results of TEM (Transmissional Electron Microscope) showed that: after inoculating for 12 h, we could find dissolvation of hepatin, karyo pyknosis, and disappearing of organelle in liver. The ultra-structure of the liver which ducklings occurred nerve symptoms and had been killed showed that, it had massive, severe hemorrhage and fatty degeneration, and organelles in the cytoplasm dissolved and even disappeared, fatty vesicles in different size could be seen in the cytoplasm; it could be found in the spleen that swelling of lymphocytes, organelles in the cytoplasm and nucleus dissolved and even disappeared; the lesions of cerebrum were karyo pyknosis or even karyolysis, empty and bright area could be seen around the vas; the lesions of pancreas were mitochondria swelling, vacuolar degeneration, endoplasmic reticulum exceedingly distending, and some fatty lipid-like material could be found in the cytoplasm.The results of the serum biochemical value showed that: the level of serum GOT and GPT went up and rose to maximum 96 h post inoculation; the level of TP and ALB went down and decreased to minimum 96 h post inoculation; the level of UA increased a Iittlel68 h post inoculation. There were no significant changes of ChE and CRE.Blood ANAE+-lymphocyte ratio constantly rose after 48 hpost inoculation then began to fall to normal level until 504 h post inoculation. The results of WBC classifying counting showed that: heterophil ratio decreased, lymphocyte and monocyte ratio.There were no significant changes of eosinophil and basophil.So we could see that, there were certain differences between the DVH-I and更多还原