【作者】 杨彬彬；

【导师】 熊先安；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 饲料加工工艺对油脂添加设备的要求之一是计量要准确。饲用油脂的价值较高，从动物营养和生产成本角度出发，精确添加都具有重大实际意义。目前饲料加工工业广泛使用的流量计式油脂添加系统存在着计量精度不高、不能实时监控、不能记录或修正添加误差以及能耗高等缺点。 本课题研究了重量式油脂添加相关理论，包括重量式添加机理(核心是重量式计量方式)研究、单传感器结构的计量装置可行性论证以及添加误差分析。后者包括系统误差(包括结构误差、油管误差、给料误差、回油误差、标定误差)和随机误差(包括传感器以及电路误差、数据采集误差)的成因分析与误差控制方法，并给出了系统静态精度和动态精度的理论计算值。 在此基础上，研制了重量式油脂添加系统。主要工作包括：(1)设计、制造油脂添加机械设备；(2)设计油脂添加电控系统，并开发出油脂添加控制软件。该软件采用Visual C++6.0开发，由控制、数据采集、界面显示、报警、生产记录以及通讯等六大模块组成，实现电子秤自动标定、油脂添加自动控制、添加误差自动修正、断点保护、生产记录管理、通讯等功能；(3)油脂添加性能试验：测试了系统的静态精度、动态精度，并与理论计算值进行了对比。 该系统具有以下几个方面的优点：(1)能够实时监测、跟踪补偿添加误差，自动化程度高。试验结果表明：系统的静态精度为1.04‰，动态精度为2.73‰，与理论分析结果较为接近，且动态精度远高于流量计式油脂添加系统；(2)采用单传感器称重，与传统的三传感器的电子秤相比，降低了制造成本；(3)能耗较低；(4)可与粉体配料系统配合工作，便于油脂添加与配料秤联锁控制；(5)本系统在软、硬件上做适当调整还可用于饲料生产中其它液体原料的添加、其它生产领域(如食品、化工等)的液体添加以及多组分液体配料，具有较高的实际意义和广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accurate measurement is one of the main requirements for the oil-adding equipments in feed processing. Since the oil added into feed is of high value, accurate addition of oil is of great importance both from the point of animal nutrient and from reducing production cost, Nowadays, the feed processing industry widely adopts the flowmeter type oil-adding system, which has many shortcomings such as inaccurate measurement, failing in real-time watch and control, being incapable of taking notes and modifying adding error, high energy cost.The researcher has completed the following studies in this project to research the theory of weight type oil-adding: (1) the research about the adding mechanism of the oil-adding system of the weight type (whose nucleus is the weight type measurement); (2) the research on the structure of the measuring equipments: employing the structure of single load cell which has been proved feasible by theory analysis; (3) the research about the adding errors: system errors (including structure error, tube error, feeding error, overflow error, calibrating error), and the cause and controlling of stochastic errors (including the errors from the sensor and the circuit, the error from the process of data acquisition).In addition to these, the researcher has computed the theoretical value of static error and the dynamic error of the system,On this base, the researcher has developed the weight type oil-adding system of the. The central work includes:(1) the designing and manufacturing of the oil-adding equipments; (2) the designing of the electromechanical system: using the computer system of industry control to control the oil- adding system, this system has many advantages such as quick sampling, strong operation function, flexible control and so on;(3) the researcher has also developed the control software of oil- adding system, which is programmed using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and constitutes six modules, namely control, data acquisition, interface display, alarming, production logs, and communication. Via these modules, the software owns the functions such as calibrating of the electric balance, oil-adding control, auto adding error correction, break point protection, administration of production logs and communication with the powder materials matching system; (4) The performance experimentation of the oil addition: the test of the static precision and the dynamic precision and the comparison between the results of test and those of theory analysis.The system has showed the following advantages: (1) it is good at automation, andcan inspect, track, and compensate adding error in real time. The results of experiments have indicated that the static precision(1.04‰) and dynamic precision(2.73 ‰) is respectively adjacent to the corresponding outcome of the theory analysis. More important, the system’s dynamic precision is much greater than that of flow meter type oil-adding system; (2) Since the system has employed a single load cell to weigh the oil, it can greatly reduce the production cost compared with the traditional tri-sensored batch weigher;(3) Receding the energy cost;(4) Since the system can cooperate with the matching system of powder materials, it is convenient for the interlock control of the oil addition and the batch weigher;(5) If it’s software and hardware been modulated probably, the system can also be applied into the addition of other liquid materials for feed production and other fields. In addition to this, in multi-ingredient liquid batching, we can also adopt this adjusted system.更多还原