【作者】 王少奎；

【导师】 朱东柏；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 电气工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 电子式电流互感器是利用光电子技术和光纤传感技术来实现电力系统电流测量的新型互感器。它具有体积小、重量轻；无铁芯、不存在磁饱和与铁磁谐振问题；动态响应范围大，频率响应宽；抗电磁干扰性能强；无油化结构、绝缘可靠、价格低等优点；是未来电流互感器发展的方向，是新一代电力数字网发展的需要，适应电力计量和保护数字化、微机化和自动化发展的潮流。 本论文首先对电磁式电流互感器面临的主要问题和电流测量方法新的发展方向进行了比较全面地介绍，对电子式电流互感器的主要特点、工作原理、发展现状、研制难点进行了阐述，对电子式电流互感器的市场前景进行了预测。 本论文着重对有源电子式电流互感器的原理进行了研究，特别是系统地研究了传感头、信号接收机、光纤传递部分以及计算机接口等各部分的电路结构。并采用了激光供能的新方法给传感头电子线路提供稳定的电源供应。通过采用合理的滤波、接地、屏蔽等各种方法，尤其是采用电源LC滤波电路、电源上加旁路电容抑制线路板上的电压波动、传感头加屏蔽层、传感头总体接地结构等多种抗干扰办法，减小了电源和地线上的各种电磁干扰，保证了系统的稳定性和可靠性。通过合理选配A/D、CPU等参数减少采样保持时间、A/D转换时间、数据传输时间与CPU计算时间等组成的数据转换过程的总时延，保证了系统的精确度。通过采用时分复用的串行同步传输方式将数据信号通过两根光纤传递给信号接收机，实现了多路信号的采集。通过采用PIN管接收从传感头传递下来的时钟脉冲和数据脉冲信号，并将它们放大整形传送到逻辑控制单元，产生逻辑控制信号，再将数字信号传送给D/A转换器，设计了滤波器和移相器电路，还原出了原始的被采样信号。把采集的信号进行分离和还原后，送入计算机进行数据的采集和计算处理。 本论文对整个系统的各个部分提出了技术要求，并对电子线路的设计进行了总体规划，设计了整机的结构方案，研制出了这种新型的有源电子式电流互感器的样机。它的电压等级为220千伏，额定电流为600安培。经过实验室测量，整机系统的比差和角差达到了我国关于0.2级电流互感器的标准要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Active electronic current transformer is a new type of high-voltage apparatus for current measurement of power system, which is a complete combination of optical electronic technology with fiber optic sensing technology. The main features of the apparatus are focus on small volume, light weight, no iron core, no magnetic saturation and no ferreous resonance, moreover, related advantages such as the large range of transient and frequency response, excellent electrical magnetic compatibility, oil-free configuration, reliable insulation structure, are all the trends of current transformer in the future. Meanwhile, it should agree with the future power gauge and digital, computer, automatic relay protection. It will meet the demand of digital power network.In this paper, the technical problem and new methods of current measurement are fully investigated in the first. Besides, the technical specification, operating principle, crucial problem have been analyzed in detail. The market prospects of this apparatus are forecast at the same time.In this paper, the emphasis is laid on the principle of active electronic current transformer, especially on the sensor head, signal receiver, fiber optic communication, and computer interface. A new method based on laser energizing is used to supply consistent current for the part of high-voltage unit. For the improvement of reliability and stability of the whole apparatus, meanwhile, for eliminating various electric-magnetic disturbance within the power supply and ground, measures such as filter, grounding, shielding are all taken in technique. The special methods are LC filter for power supply, bypass capacitor for suppressing voltage surge in printed circuit board, shielding layer wrapped in sensor head and overall grounded. Reasonable selection of A/D and CPU is very important for sharply shortening the period of sampling and holding, A/D conversion, data transmissions, and final calculation. In data communications, the serial synchronization transmission mode based on the technique of time divided multiplex application is used for detecting multi-channelsof signal only by two channels of fiber optic. The clock and data pulsation signals from upper sensor heads can be received using PIN diode, then, amplified and inverted in logical control unit for the purpose of CPU operation. Hereinafter, the digital signal will be delivered into the central processing unit (CPU) for related calculation, and meanwhile transmitted to a D/A converter for signal recovery after filter and phase-shift circuit.The technical requirements of the active electronic current transformer are described, and total designs on electronic circuit and integrated configuration are finished in this thesis. An experimental apparatus of electronic optic current transformer is manufactured in actual scale with 220 kV of rated voltage and 600 A of rated current. It is shown from the test results that the ratio error and phase error have been integrated to meet class 0.2 of national standard.更多还原