超级离子电容器碳/氧化镍复合气凝胶电极材料的研究

【作者】 徐榕青；

【导师】 陈艾；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 超大容量电赝电容器是一种性能介于电池和传统静电电容器之间的新概念高功率储能器件，具有功率密度大、充放电效率高、循环寿命长等特点。其中赝电容的质量电容密度比双电层电容高10-100倍。本次试验选定复合碳气凝胶作为赝电容器的电极材料，其中碳气凝胶采用新型超临界干燥设备获得，并用贱金属氧化物NiO与之复合。研究了材料制备、电容特性及其影响因素。本文的主要研究内容归纳如下：1.采用sol-gel法合成碳/氧化镍复合气凝，经过丙酮置换、二氧化碳超临界干燥、炭化等过程制成复合碳气凝胶电极。研究了热处理温度、催化剂用量、干燥方式、反应物含量、电解质溶液、Co掺杂对复合碳气凝胶电极赝电容性能的影响，探讨了凝胶组成结构。结果发现：超临界干燥将有效提高电极比电容量；以1mol/L的KOH溶液为电解液所得电容比容量可达262F/g。2.应用sol-gel法在碳气凝胶表面沉积氧化镍，热处理后制成电极，研究了其结构和电性能。结果表明：当NiO含量 < 30%时，电阻低且增长缓慢，其比电容量可达235F/g。3.初步研究了用烧结纳米镍的方法制备氧化镍电极。更多还原

【Abstract】 The supercapacitor is a new type of electrochemical energy storage devices between rechargeable batteries and traditional electrostatic capacitors, and it has high power density, high charge /discharge efficiency and long cycle life. The specific capacitance of speudo-capacitor is about 10-100times of the double-layer capacitor. The compound carbon aerogel is elected as electrode materials of the pseudo-capacitor in this thesis. The study concentrates the preparation、properties of electrode material and its influencing effects. The main results are as follows:1.ynthesize the carbon/nickel oxide compound aerogel by sol-gel. It becomes aerogel electrode through heating, aging, followed by supercritical drying from carbon dioxide and subsequent pyrolysis in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of annealing temperature, concentration, doped cobalt and the content of catalyzer on the capacities properties of pseudo-capacitor is studied. The results show that the specific capacitance enhances by supercritical drying and it is about 262F/g in 1mol/L aqueous KOH.2.A composite electrode material comprising carbon aerogel and nickel oxide is obtained by coated nickel oxide on carbon aerogel and heat-treatment in air. The structure and electrode performance are studied. The result show: when the mass present of NiO is less than 30%, the ESR (equivalent series resistance) is very low, and the specific capacitance is about 235F/g.3.Fabricating the nano nickel oxide electrode by nano particle sintering method has been preliminary try also.更多还原