超滤法处理油田采出水技术及其膜污染机理研究

【作者】 余剑锋；

【导师】 关卫省；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 论文论述了油田采出水的产生和其污染物存在状态及污染特征。特别指出陕北低渗透油田采出水具有高氯根、高含盐量、高含油量等特征。论文对目前国内外油田采出水技术的发展趋势进行了评价。 通过超滤处理采出水试验得出的主要结论有：超滤处理采出水时，去除效果较理想，可达到油田回注水标准；操作压力相同时，膜面流速变化对通量影响不大；膜面流速一定时，操作压力对膜通量影响较大；随着采出水浓缩倍数增大，膜通量会逐渐下降。 论文采用Field模型中的完全堵塞过滤模型预测了超滤处理油田采出水的膜通量下降规律和膜污染情况，计算出相应参数，确定了具体的膜污染数学模型。发现完全堵塞过滤模型中通量值与试验值相差不大，两者相关性较好，这对于以后的研究具有重要的指导意义。 同时论文还进行了超滤过程中膜相对阻力分布的试验，得出截留分子量和膜材料是影响膜阻力分布的重要因素。在实际应用中，可根据膜阻力分布选择合适的膜。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper discusses the origin of the oil-field produced water, the existing state and characteristics of its pollutants, and it especially points out that the low permeability oil field produced water in North Shaanxi involves the characteristics of high chlorine, high salinity and high oil. Most of all, the paper evaluates the developing tendency of the techniques hi this field home and abroad.Some conclusions inferred from the experiment of ultrafiltration treating oil-field produced water include that the removal efficiency of the experiment is so good that the permeate flow can meet the reinjection standard, the change of the cross-flow velocity has little effect on the flux under the constant transmembrane pressure, the flux is highly affected by the transmembrane while the cross-flow velocity is fixed, and the membrane flux decreases gradually with the increase of the inflow concentration tunes.The paper takes complete blocking filtration model in Field model to speculate the declining regularity of membrane flux and the fouling condition of it in the experiment, to calculate the related parameters and to determine the specific mathematical model of membrane fouling. The result suggests that the flux in complete blocking filtration model has little difference with that of the experiment, which will instruct the following researches.Meanwhile, we also carry out experiments on the relevant contributions of membrane resistance during ultrafiltration, and draw the conclusion that MWCO(molecular weight cutoff) and the membrane materials play important roles in affecting the contributions of membrane resistance. Therefore, hi practice, we can choose appropriate membrane according to the contributions.更多还原