公共空间壁画功能及材料表现

【作者】 白晓刚；

【导师】 孙景波；

【作者基本信息】 中央美术学院 ， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 壁画一经出现就以其特有存在方式和实现方式与环境和建筑空间结下不解之缘。 壁画艺术作为公共艺术门类之一，不论是古代壁画艺术还是发展到今天的现代壁画，除了在艺术表现形式上不断和发展之外，与环境的关系也随着地域特色，社会经济，文化背景等众多因素的历史地发展而产生变化。 壁画是要依靠空间环境实体中的墙体而存在和实现的。本文通过对壁画载体——墙壁所存在的空间形式和作为公共艺术与公共领域和公共空间的内在密切联系的研究，壁画与现代公共空间的相互功能作用和材料应用与表现壁画多元的功能性的作用。 文章分为两部分论述 一、从公共环境艺术的概念出发，将壁画同存在的环境空间联系起来。论述壁画的发展过程中，环境空间的变化发展是壁画的表现形式和存在方式同步发展的重要因素。 空间的公共性和开放性的程度，决定壁画做为公共艺术在环境空间的位置，同时社会意识和文化理念的开放程度，也决定壁画与公众相互参与程度。 由此来看，现代社会高度开放共享的社会环境和人文环境使“公共意识”不断完善的同时，壁画的功能性和审美性也必须具有“公共意识”。才能使壁画以综合艺术的形态与现代建筑空间和城市环境一道构成整体的环境空间和视觉艺术空间。 二、材料是壁画表现形式的重要手段和符号语言。材料的运用体现壁画与建筑空间的内在因素的关联。 材料的应用，不仅是艺术表现的手段，同时也是公共空间与社会大众同艺术家，通过壁画的视觉信息，达成的审美情感认知和共同参与程度的表征。 材料自身具有的丰富的个性表现力和视觉特性也只能在公共的审美取向和观念意识具有“公共意识”的基础上，通过艺术家的处理表现出来，而现代社会的政治，经济文化，观念的飞速发展，材料在壁画艺术中的广泛应用和不断拓展的基础。 打破原有的概念和形式的来源，将壁画从独立的画种中解放出来，将其作为现代艺术的一个综合门类，放置在“公共领域视觉艺术”的范畴下，与建筑、雕塑、环境设计等共同参与构成现代建筑空间，城市环境的整体意识，是现代壁画丰富其表现方式和审美功能的理论前提。这也是本文关于材料应用一节的立论依据。 现代壁画艺术在传统的继承和发展的基础上，不仅要有装饰审美的功能还要在“公共领域”的更大空间广大公众，承载反映时代精神、社会意识与文化脉博的综合功能。这对于当下乃至未来城市公共领域和公共空间的规划设计中的壁画实践和创作理念有着观念的引导作用，很多壁画艺术家在这种“公共意识”理念支持下，探索现代壁画的综合审美功能，并以丰富的表现手段加以实现，为今后的城市公共壁画艺术的发展与创新积累了丰富的实践经验。结合己有的中、外、壁画艺术的成果，会有更多的代表时代风尚和人文内涵的公共壁画艺术作品成为我们生存空间中美的标识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mural as soon as appearses with the that its contains esse method with realizes way and environment with construct the space knot and down does not solve.The mural art be used ases the public art the door the history ground for relation for it first, wether is an ancient mural art or develop up to today of modern mural, apart froming on the art manifestation continuously with developping outside, with environment too along with ground special features, socially economy, culture background waiting the numerous factor the development but produce the variety.The mural wants to depend on the space environment the wall in the entity but exsits with realizes of.The article is divided intoes two parts discussA, set out from the concept of the public environment art, and the environment space that exsits contact the mural The space’s public decide the mural to be used as the public art with the degree that open the sexs in the position of space environment, at the same time social consciousness with openning of culture principle degree, and also decision mural and public is mutually and degree.From here come seeing, and the modern society is high to open the commonly shared social milieu to make the public consciousness of " with humanities environment" continuously perfect at the same time,the mural’s function with appreciate beauty the sex to also must have the public consciousness ofTwo, the material is the important means of the mural manifestation with the sign language. The material’s application, is not only art means that express, also is an artist of public space and social people , and pass the mural’s sense of vision information, and reach of appreciate beauty the emotion perception with the token of the common and degree.Material oneself the plentifulness’s character performance that have dint is with the sense of vision characteristic and also can pass the handling of artist the performance to come out on publicly appreciate beauty the mindset to have the public consciousness of " with idea consciousness" of the foundation, but flying of the politics, economic culture of the modem society, idea soon develop, and the material is a in the art in the muralBreak the original concept with the form’s source that painting, grow the inside liberation to come out from the independence the mural, and descend a category for synthesizing first door, placing in the " art of public realm sense of vision" of the modern art of its conduct and actions, with the building, carve, the environment design to wait the common and constitute the consciousness of modern building space, the whole of environment city, and is a modern mural abundant method of its performance with appreciate beauty the function’s theories premise.更多还原