【作者】 熊忠；

【导师】 林衍；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 垃圾渗滤液是城市生活垃圾(有时也包含部分工业废弃物)在填埋场堆放过程中由于微生物的分解作用和雨水的淋洗以及受地表水和地下水的长期浸泡而产生的高浓度有机废水。填埋场渗滤液的渗出对地下水和其它公共水域会造成严重的污染。垃圾渗滤液中含有种类繁多的有机污染物，其中有相当数量的致癌物和有毒有机污染物，属于美国EPA和我国政府公布的优先控制有机污染物黑名单范畴。垃圾渗滤液的处理是人类面临的一大世界性难题，虽然各国开展研究的时间较长，但迄今为止尚未找到切实有效的处理工艺。本文采用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）对其进行处理，探索了UASB反应器各种工艺操作条件对渗滤液生物降解效率的影响，并对其影响机理进行了初步的探讨。本文的主要研究内容有：1）通过长期的连续实验，对UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的启动、处理效果以及各因素对处理效果的影响进行了研究。结果发现，启动到第82d时，反应器容积负荷为2.75 kg COD/m3?d，反应器中出现粒径为0.5~3mm的颗粒污泥，COD去除率稳定在45%左右，启动结束。整个启动阶段耗时82 d。负荷提高期， UASB反应器的缓冲能力较强。稳定运行时COD容积负荷可达到5 kg COD/m3?d。反应器启动初期，因为种泥活性和沉降性能不佳，选取适宜的水力负荷尤为重要。启动初期水力负荷为0.6~1.0 m3/(m2·h)，稳定运行时保持在0.5~0.7 m3/(m2·h)为宜。往反应器中投加微量元素的FeCl2 1.5 mg/L、NiCl2 0.4 mg/L、CoCl2 0.2 mg/L，能使使厌氧处理效果产生较大提高。2）通过对比研究，考察了投加颗粒活性炭对加速UASB反应器中污泥颗粒化进程、缩短启动时间，提高处理效果的影响。实验结果显示，在UASB反应器中投加颗粒活性炭后，启动时间缩短将近1/3。在相同的试验条件下，投加颗粒活性炭的反应器对COD 的去除效率比没投加时有所改善，但提高幅度不大。在试验运行期间,投加颗粒活性炭反应器的最大有机容积负荷为不投加颗粒活性炭反应器的1.4倍。本研究为工程设计及运行提供初步的理论及工艺条件基础。在工程中可根据实际情况进一步调整，使处理效果达到最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landfill disposal is a widely used technique for solid waste management. The leachate produced, owing to moisture release and rain and snow infiltration, can cause environmental hazards if it is not properly collected, treated, and disposed. The organic and inorganic components, which have been given priority to be controlled by EPA and Chinese government, will pollute underground water and other public waters. A study was carried out to assess the efficiencies of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) to treat leachate from a landfill. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect on a pilot scale reactor, while studying the behavior of the system at different organic and hydraulic loading rates and effects of Particle Activated Carbon (PAC) on the biomass activity. The results show, on the 82nd day, granular sludges were observed with a organic loading rate of 2.75 kg COD/m3?d and COD removal efficiency of 45%. The highest organic loading rate applied was 5 kg COD/m3?d at 35°C with hydraulic loading rate between 0.5~0.7 m3/(m2·h) and COD removal efficiencies between 45%~55%. The added components, FeCl2 1.5 mg/L、NiCl2 0.4 mg/L、CoCl2 0.2 mg/L，served as an activatant and improved the ability of the UASB reactor. Besides, PACs were added in another reactor. Throught comparative studies, positive effects of PACs on the system were found. Although the COD removal efficiency had not been improved greatly, the start-up period was shorten 25% and the highest organic loading rate increased 40% and bigger anaerobic granular sludges were observed, when PACs were added.Through this experiment research, the operational parameters and technology foundations can be offered for project design and running. In the real project, the factors should be modified according to the reality to get the best result.更多还原