【作者】 姚建军；

【导师】 殷学纲；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 固体力学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 硬X射线能段是天体物理的重要波段，由于具有较强的穿透能力，因而它可以携带辐射区的很多信息。通过对它的研究，人们可以获得诸如辐射区大小、辐射机制、空间分布等方面的信息。硬X射能区的天文观测一方面可以研究一系列的天体目标或超新星和新星的爆发、核合成等现象，另一方面也可以研究一系列的相互作用的过程：热韧致辐射、同步辐射等。硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT正是推进人类对天体高能辐射过程的认识重要工具。它能完成下述科学任务：（1）完成硬X射线巡天观测，描绘硬X射线天图；（2）对感兴趣天区作深度的成像观测；（3）对特殊的天体作高灵敏度连续观测，得到其辐射的能谱和时间变化。（4）对银道面作周期性扫描观测。硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT整体结构及其各工作单元的强度和刚度是否能承受发射状态的力学环境，这是对硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT进行设计时必须解决的问题。对设计方案进行计算机有限元动力分析，模拟其发射状态下的力学环境从而实现对设计方案的可行性进行论证，这正是本课题目的所在。利用现有有限元程序ANSYS和I-DEAS，本文对硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT的重要部件——准直器单体及其硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT整体在发射时的力学环境进行有限元分析。对准直器单体有限元分析时，采用了细致的有限元网格来描述处于发射状态下，准直器单体各结构组成部分的变形情况和应力分布。对硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT整体进行有限元分析时，对于该大型结构，利用结构的特殊性，采用了子结构建模方法和静聚缩（Guyan缩减）法来缩减整体计算模型的自由度数。这些分析方法的采用，在有限的计算机资源条件下，考虑了更多的结构细节，使得对整体结构的计算结果具有更高的可靠性。准直器单体有限元计算表明：现行设计方案在准直器单体承受正弦激励状态下符合设计要求；但在准直器单体承受冲击激励或随机激励载荷下，现行设计方案不能达到设计要求。硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT整体有限元分析结果表明：采用螺栓固定的安装方式，硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT在正弦激励状态下满足设计要求。对于现行硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT设计方案，其准直器单体的设计需进一步改进；硬X射线调制望远镜HXMT整体设计方案已达设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy band of hard X-ray, with strong penetrability, is an important astrophysical wave band. People can get much information of radiant points from the research about it, for example, the size of the radiant points, the mechanism of radiate and space distribution. By observing the energy band of hard X-ray, people not only can expand a series of studies to celestial bodies or phenomena of nova and supernova’s breaking out, nucleus’s compose, but also many interactional process of thermal braking radiation, synchronal radiation. Accordingly, hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is a significant implement that will accelerate human’s knowledge about the thermal radiation process of high-energy celestial bodies. HXMT can achieve the following science missions: (1) Observing the hard X-ray in the whole space and plotting its distributional map. (2) Image observing the interested space deeply. (3) Continuously and sensitively observing the special celestial bodies, and gained the energy spectrum and changes with time of the celestial bodies’ radiation. (4) Observing the galactic plane periodically.When trying to design the HXMT, it has to be answered that whether the HXMT and its workgroups can endure the mechanics conditions at launching state or not. Then the interest of this paper is that simulating the mechanics conditions and analyzing the design model by computers in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the design project. In this paper, the HXMT and its main components, collimator parts, are simulated on the mechanics conditions at launching state, by using FEM software, ANSYS and I-DEAS. When simulating the collimator parts, a refined mesh is introduced, in order to characterize the displacement and stress distribution of every subassembly. When simulating the HXMT, the substructure modeling method and static condensation method (Guyan reduction method) are adopted to this great complex structure because of the particularity of the structure’s construct. In this way, the simulation results of HXMT become more reliable.The simulation analysis results of collimator parts indicate that, the collimator parts meet design standard in sine excitation state, but not in impact excitation state or<WP=6>random excitation state. Basing the simulation analysis results of HXMT, the following conclusions can be got: the design standard can be met in sine excitation state in bolt fix install method.Finally, some suggests can be provided: the design project of collimator parts needs to be improved; the design project of HXMT can meet the design standard.更多还原