【作者】 彭良臣；

【导师】 谭世语；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 应用化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 乙酸乙酯是性能优良的溶剂、萃取剂和重要的化工原料。在乙酸乙酯生产过程中，由于产品的分离、精制及生产品种的转换，将排放出轻、中、重三种不同组成的废水，这些废水中含有大量具有回收价值的乙酸乙酯。这些废水通常作为低值产品出售，或作为废物烧掉，甚至直接排放造成环境污染。为有效地分离回收废水中的乙酸乙酯，本论文针对为轻、中、重三种组分废水进行了系统的分离回收工艺研究。根据废水组成的不同及回收产品的要求，对乙酸乙酯轻、中组分废水进行了系统的萃取精馏实验研究。研究结果表明，以水作溶剂来脱除乙酸乙酯、水、乙醇多元混合物中的乙醇十分有效，塔顶馏出物中乙酸乙酯含量高达90%，乙醇含量低于1%，水含量约为10%。通过改变回流比、溶剂比等参数得出乙酸乙酯轻组分废水比较适宜的工艺条件是:操作回流比为0.5～1.0,溶剂比为1.0～1.5：1.0；乙酸乙酯中组分废水比较适宜的工艺条件是:操作回流比为0.5～1.0,溶剂比为0.6～0.8：1.0。对乙酸乙酯重组分废水进行了精馏实验结果表明，乙酸乙酯重组分废水用简单精馏即可有效回收其中的有用组分。三种组分废水经精馏后，塔顶产物中水的质量含量都约为10%。以硫酸钠为干燥剂，对塔顶产品进行干燥脱水，实验结果表明，1摩尔硫酸钠对乙酸乙酯干燥能结合大约4摩尔结晶水，脱水后的轻，中，重组分符合产品回收方案要求，水含量小于0.4﹪。干燥剂再生实验结果表明，吸水后的硫酸钠在102℃气流干燥下很容易再生，再生时间大约60分钟。针对工业级应用要求，用ASPEN PLUS流程模拟系统对乙酸乙酯轻、中组分废水回收的关键环节萃取精馏进行了工业级模拟计算和操作参数灵敏度分析，得到了相应的工艺操作参数。模拟计算结果表明，轻、中组分废水萃取精馏塔顶模拟结果与实验结果一致。通过对乙酸乙酯废水回收分离工艺分析与评价表明，三种废水的回收处理可以采用同一装置完成，回收工艺乙酸乙酯具有良好经济效益和环境效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ethyl acetate is an excellent solvent and extractant and is an important chemical material too. During the process of ethyl acetate, three kinds of waste water were let out because of separating, refining the product and products changing of the device. These waste water contain a great of ethyl acetate which can be reclaimed. Usually, the waste water were sold as low value products or were burn off as waste, even were let out to pollute environment. In order to reclaiming ethyl acetate form these waste water, separate projects of these waste water were studied in this paper.According to the different components of the waste water and reclaiming requests, extractive distillation experiment was studied with the light and middling components of waste water. The experimental results indicated that the effect of extracting ethanol is obvious using water as an extractant, and the content of ethyl acetate in top distillation could receive 90%, in which the content of ethanol was no more than 1% and water was about 10%. Changing the reflux ratio and solvent quantity indicated that when the reflux ratio was 0.5~1.0 and solvent quantity ratio was 1.0~1.5:1.0, the separate effect of the light components waste water was the most obvious and of the middling components waste water, the reflux ratio was 0.5~1.0, solvent quantity ratio was 0.6~0.8:1.0. A simple distillation was able to recover the valuable components from weightily components waste water.The content of water in the three top distillates was about 10%. Drying the top distillates with sodium sulfate showed that 1 mol sodium sulfate could be combined with 4 mol water and the water content in the products was no more than 0.4% after dehydration. The experimental result indicated that the desiccant could be regenerated by dry air under 102℃ with about 60 minutes.In order to applying the method to industry, the extractive distillation of light and middling components waste water, the key link of the method, was simulated with ASPEN PLUS and its manipulate parameters were analyzed. It showed that simulating results were consistent with experimental results.The separating methods and processes were analyzed and evaluated. The results<WP=6>showed that three kinds of waste water can be treated with a same equipment, recovered products from ethyl acetate waste water could bring an obvious benefit in economy and environment.更多还原