【作者】 张平平；

【导师】 苗果园；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文分别选用了代表我国主要麦区的部分优质品种与山西省推广的优质品种，分别在我国四大麦区及山西省四个麦区进行了同年多点试验，用来研究小麦品质性状的区域生态差异及品种差异；同时从土壤营养及栽培措施出发探讨了冬小麦的部分调优技术。结果表明：小麦的品质性状受到品种基因型、生态环境及各种栽培措施的共同作用。在我国，主要的品质性状蛋白质含量呈现北方晚熟冬麦区＞黄淮麦区＞长江下游麦区＞长江中上游麦区，而这种差异与小麦后期的日照、降雨有显著的相关性(与日照呈正相关，与降雨呈负相关)，与积温的相关不显著；粗蛋白、灰分、形成时间及耐揉指数在几个主要品质性状中受环境影响的变异最大。在山西省范围内，主要品质性状中蛋白质含量受区域生态影响的变异最大，沉降值和面筋含量的变异较小，但纵观山西省品种(基因型)是优质生产的重中之重；同时也表明，山西省有进行小麦优质生产的品种资源和环境资源，代表小麦品质性状的三个主要指标从总体上都达到或超过了国标标准，山西麦区符合全国品质区划(农业部农农发[2001]12号)的建议，但其中沉降值是影响山西省小麦加工品质的主要矛盾。研究还表明配方施肥是小麦高产优质生产的重要措施，NP互作可以有效提高小麦的产量，改善小麦的品质；追施氮肥后移，可以明显改善小麦的品质。研究还看出在黄土高原石灰性土壤上，肥料三因素对产量品质的主导作用在不同生产阶段有所不同。旱地小麦品质明显高于水地。后期弱光，喷施叶面激素及肥料可以明显改善小麦的品质。穗发芽会严重影响小麦籽粒品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment choose separately high-quality strains which comes from four wheat zone of our country and four wheat zone of Shanxi, did multidrop tests seperatly during the same year in the four wheat zone of China and Shanxi. The paper studied the zonal ecological divergence and strain divergence of quality characters of wheat; Moreover explored parts of the splendid technology of winter wheat from the perspective of soil nourishment and cultivation measures. The result showed: The quality characters of wheat was influenced by the strain genotype, ecological environment and various cultivation measures. In our country , protein content ,one of the main quality characters,presented the tendency of Northern Winter Wheat Zone >Yellow and Huai Valley’s Facultative Wheat Zone >Lower Yangtze Valley’s Wheat Zone >Middle and Higher Yangtze Valley’s Wheat Zone, but the divergence was obviously related to the sunshine and rainfall of wheat’s later stage (positive correlation to sunshine and negative correlation to rainfall),The correlation to accumulated heat was not marked ; Protein content , Ash content , Development time and mixing tolerance varied greatly according to the environmental effect in the several main quality characters. In Shanxi province , protein content varied greatly according to zonal ecological , but sedinmention value and gluten varied less; while taking a sweeping view of Shanxi, strain (Genotype) was most important for high-quality production; also indicated , There were strain resources and environmental resources of high-quality production of wheat in Shanxi , three main targets that represent the quality characters of wheat attained or surpassed the international standard, Shanxi wheat zone accorded with the nationwide quality division proposal, Yet sedimention value was the main contradiction that affects the Shanxi’s proceeding quality of wheat. The research still showed that it was the significant practice of high production and high quality of wheat to apply fertilizer , The NP actes could effectively lift the yield of wheat and improve the quality of wheat; Deferring top-dressing time could improve the quality of wheat obviously. The research still saw, on the loess plateau lime earth , three elements of fertilizer dominated different action to the yield and quality in the different phase. The quality of dry land wheat was obviously better than that of irrigated land. Feeble light in later stage, spraying leaf hormone and manure during grian-filling stage obviously improved the quality of wheat. That the spike germinates was able to effect the quality of wheat seriously.更多还原