【作者】 乔永刚；

【导师】 宋秀英；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 试验以番茄品种特洛皮克、强力米寿、DRD8018、中蔬六号、中杂8号、中杂9号、薯叶番茄、铭农1号、美味樱桃番茄、黄珍珠樱桃番茄、黄梨樱桃番茄、红梨樱桃番茄、串珠樱桃番茄为诱变材料，使用改良L．D．Cua法进行多倍体诱变。对变异株进行详细的形态学与细胞学观察，各品种均获得了多倍体材料。同时以近无籽实心性状为目标性状对变异株进行选育，以期获得具有近无籽实心性状的多倍体番茄材料。结果如下：(1)番茄经多倍体诱变后变异株表现为：苗期生长受阻、叶变厚，颜色深绿、叶形指数变小、花器变大、叶下表皮气孔器变大，密度下降、保卫细胞内叶绿体含量增加、花粉量减少，育性下降。(2)果实成熟后进行室内鉴定，从中选出果肉厚，种子少，胎座膨大的株系，再进行根尖染色体制片鉴定倍体。利用此方法获得了7个大果型品种的具有近无籽实心性状的多倍体材料。其中中蔬六号01-1与薯叶00-6分别经过2代与3代的观察，近无籽实心性状与倍性均较稳定，这两个品系可进一步选育为近无籽实心多倍体番茄新品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thirteen cultivars of tomato were treated using L.D.Cau. means with 0.2% colchicine solution. Many variant plants of all cultivars were got. We surveyed and researched the mutations of this variant plants by morphology and cytology methods, and found that there were some real polyploid plants in variant plants of every cultivars. Meanwhile, we regarded the few seeds and solid characteristics as objective characteristics of breeding new cultivars. We hope to get good-quality polyploid tomato cultivars with few seeds and solid characteristics. The experimental results are conclude as follows:(1) Obvious changes have taken place on the induced plants. In comparison with normal plants, variant plants expressed the follow features: the growing is checked. The leaves appear to be darken green and become thick than that of diploid. The leaf shape index becomes smaller. The flowers become larger. The stomatal cell is larger and the number of stomata in a unit area of leaf in variant plants sharply reduced. The number of chloroplast in stomata is increased. The number of pollen is increased and the pollen viability is decreased.(2) We investigated the fruit characteristics. The plant lines were selected that they have some good-quality characteristics including of the thick pulp, few seeds and big placenta. And we calculated the chromosome number of this plant lines. At last, the experiment got polyploid tomato with few seeds and solid characteristics of seven tomato cultivars, which cultivars have big fruit. ZhongShu No.6 01-1 has been breed for two years and Shu Ye 00-6 has been breed for three years. These two pure lines have had the stability good-quality characteristics and the chromosome number. ZhongShu No.6 01-1 and ShuYe 00-6 will be taken further steps to breed good-quality cultivars.更多还原